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Unit2TheFineArtofPuttingThingsOffPre-classWorkII.DictionaryWork1.coolone’sheels:beforcedtowait;bekeptwaiting2.attestto:(v.)testifyto;serveasanevidencetoaffirm/tobeproofof证实,证明3.apocalyptic:(adj.)forebodingimminentdisasterorfinaldoom预示灾难或最后毁灭的4.proconsul:(n.)anadministratorinacolonyusuallywithwidepowers地方总督5.ruminate:(v.)gooverinthemindrepeatedlyandoftenslowly反刍,沉思6.nattering:(adj.)chattering;hence,noisyrel.natter:chatter;totalkforalongtime,especiallyaboutunimportantthings唠叨；闲聊7.echelon:(n.)rank,level等级，阶层e.g.ajobinthelowerechelonofthecorporation一份公司底层工作8.fortify:(v.)encourage;support鼓励；支持e.g.Faithfortifiedusduringourcrisis.在关键时刻信念使我们变得坚强。fortifycouldalsomeantostrengthen,toreinforce,etc.9.reappraisal:(n.)re-evaluation10.academe:(n.)theacademiccommunity;academics学术界；学术11.shrink:(slang)(n.)psychoanalystorpsychiatrist心理分析学者或神经科医生12.subliminal:(adj.)existingorfunctioningoutsidetheareaofconsciousawareness潜意识的13.truism:(n.)anundoubtedorself-evidenttruth不言而喻的道理；自明之理14.mellowandmarinate:(v.)tomellowistobecomeripeorfullydeveloped,andthemarinateistosteep(浸,泡)(meat,fish)inasavorysaucetoenrichitsflavor;here,ripenandmature成熟及完善III.LibraryWork1.ChesterfieldPhilipDormerStanhope,4thEarl(伯爵)ofChesterfield,(1694-1773),Englishstatesman,oratorandauthor.Hisliteraryreputationrestsuponhisletterstohisillegitimateson(私生子),PhilipStanhope,whowasborninHollandin1732.Theletters,filledwithwitandworldlywisdom,werepublishedunderthetitleLetterstoHisSonandLetterstoHisGodson(1774).Chesterfield'sfameasamanoflettersrestsuponaseriesofletters,publishedafterhisdeath,thatgiveafaithfulaccountofthemannersandcustomsofaristocraticsocietyin18th-centuryEngland,writteninagracefulandwittystyle.‘Myobjectistohaveyoufittolife;which,ifyouarenot,Idonotdesirethatyoushouldliveatall.’SowroteLordChesterfieldinoneofthemostcelebratedandcontroversialcorrespondencesbetweenafatherandhisson.Chesterfieldwrotealmostdailytohisnaturalson,Philip,from1737onwards,providinghimwithinstructioninetiquetteandtheworldlyarts.Praisedintheirdayasacompletemanualofeducation,anddespisedbySamuelJohnsonforteaching‘themoralsofawhoreandthemannersofadancingmaster’,theselettersreflectthepoliticalcraftofaleadingstatesman,andtheurbanewitofamanwhoassociatedwithPope,Addison,andSwift.ThelettersrevealChesterfield’spoliticalcynicismandhisbeliefthathiscountryhad‘alwaysbeengovernedbytheonlytwoorthreepeople,outoftwoorthreemillions,totallyincapableofgoverning’,aswellashisviewsongoodbreeding.Notoriginallyintendedforpublication,thisentertainingcorrespondenceilluminatesfascinatingaspectsofeighteenth-centurylifeandmanners.2.SamuelJohnson(1709-1784),Englishwriterandlexicographer,amajorfigurein18th-centuryliteratureasanarbiteroftaste,renownedfortheforceandbalanceofhisprosestyle.NicknamedbothDictionaryJohnsonandtheGreatChamofLiterature(ChamisanarchaicwordmeaningKhan可汗),JohnsoncompiledandwrotetheDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage,publishedin1755.HewasusuallyreferredtoasDr.Johnsonbyhiscontemporariesandlatergenerations.Hewasequallycelebratedforhisbrilliantandwittyconversation.Hisrathergrossappearanceandmannerswereviewedtolerantly,ifnotwithacertainadmiration.Thesonofabookseller,Johnsonexcelledatschoolinspiteofillnessandpoverty.HeenteredOxfordin1728butwasforcedtoleaveafterayearforlackoffunds.Hesustainedhimselfasabooksellerandschoolmasterforthenextsixyears,duringwhichhecontinuedhiswidereadingandpublishedsometranslations.JohnsonsettledinLondonin1737andbeganhisliterarycareerinearnest.Hispoem“London,”publishedanonymouslyin1738,waspraisedbyPopeandwonJohnsonrecognitioninliterarycircles.Johnson’sfirstworkoflastingimportance,andtheonethatpermanentlyestablishedhisreputationinhisowntime,washisDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage(1755),thefirstcomprehensivelexicographicalworkonEnglisheverundertaken.Dr.Johnson,asheisuniversallyknown,wasEngland’sfirstfull-dressmanofletters（学者）,andhismindandpersonalityhelpedtocreatethetraditionsthathaveguidedEnglishtasteandcriticism.StructureSectionI(paragraph1)Thetheme:Procrastinationisnotalwaysanon-recommendablepractice.SectionII(paragraph2-8)Groundsofargument:Delayersanddo-it-nowers(paragraph2)Delaycaninspireandreviveacreativesoulinmanyfields(paragraph3-8)3)intheprocessofmakingfictions4)inthefieldofmilitary,diplomacyandlaw5)inthehigherrankofbusiness6)indecisionmaking7)inuniversities8)amongmanypeople,especiallywomenSectionIII(paragraph9)Conclusion:Whatyoudon’tnecessarilyhavetodotoday,byallmeansputofftilltomorrow.课文译文第二单元推迟的艺术今天能做的事情决不要推到明天。”切斯特菲尔德伯爵在1749年写给儿子的信中如此劝告道。然而这位文雅的伯爵却从没有抽出时间来完成与孩子母亲的婚礼，也没有戒除让约翰逊博士此类名人在接待室久候的坏习惯，这足以证明，即使是有心人，也绝非毫无拖延，罗马的一位大将军昆塔斯·费边·马克西姆斯为了赢得尽可能多的喘息机会，推迟战斗时间，结果被冠以“拖延者”的花名。摩西为了使自己向法老传递耶和华法令过程中的犹豫合理化，颓唐语言有缺陷。当然，哈姆雷特则把拖延升华成了一种艺术形式。世界上的人基本上可以分成均匀的两半：拖延者和马上行动者。有些人二月份就准备好了个人所得税、预先偿还了抵押借款、或在常人难以忍受的6点半钟准时吃饭。而另外一些人则乐于在9点或10点钟时吃些剩菜剩饭、错放帐单和文件以期延长缴税的期限。他们非要等到警告声变成恐吓声才肯去支付信用卡的帐单。就象浮士德所遭遇的那样，他们推迟上理发店、看牙医或看医生。尽管延误会带来诸多不便，但延迟经常可以激发和唤醒具有创新意识的灵魂。写下许多成功小说和剧本的作家琼·克尔说到，她要把厨房每个汤罐头和酱瓶子上的标签看上一遍后，才能安心坐在打字机旁。许多作家都关注着他们任务之外的大小琐事，譬如关注在缅因州法国人海湾和巴尔海港进行的海岸和土地测量，其中的地名，如古今斯暗礁、不伦特池塘、海鸥小山、伯恩特豪猪、朗豪猪、希波豪猪以及鲍尔德豪猪岛，都激起了他们