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Inoureverydaylives,ifwemakesomemistakes,weshouldcorrectthem,andthenwearestillagoodfellow.——ChairmanMao’swords纵观近年高考英语短文改错题，学生和老师都认为难度不大，然而，每年高考中还是有不少考生对此题深感头痛，主要原因是：一.考生的英语基础知识不扎实.二.考生缺乏对短文改错命题特点的了解和做题规律方法的总结.一、命题特点和高考概况：1、“短文改错”主要考查学生对英语语言运用的准确性。短文往往选用一篇130个词左右2、近两年的高考试题中“短文改错”主要是学生在日常学习中的常见错误，词汇、语法、语篇理解行文逻辑以及惯用法的错误。3、命题的总原则是要求学生能够整篇理解，分行识错，从错误的类型看可分为对、错、加、减四个方面，即，正确打√，错误改正，缺词添加，多词删除。并要求以规范的符号进行表示。1对:3缺/加:6改1对：1缺：1加：7改那么，做短文改错题有哪些规律和方法呢？平时学习应注意做到以下几点：1.广泛阅读，增强语感，注重语篇的整体把握提高语言知识运用的准确性.2.规范使用常用的词语和习语.3..注重基础知识和基本技能。(基础语法)4.错误的设置一般都是中学生写作时常出现的错误。改错训练和书面表达训练结合（NC2改错和仿写）.5.多接触正确的内容，练习改错时间应适量.临场应试技巧:“三歩”，“六原则和“四不改”三歩：1.Nocontext,notext.通读全文，掌握大意。2.整句理解,逐行分析。以句为单位，细读每个完整句子，前后联系.3.复读全文，验证答案.六原则：1.一行一错,在有错行改动一词。2.改变实词（n./v./adj./adv.）形式，不能将一个实词换成另一个实词.3.最小限度地改变单词形式.4.添加或删除虚词(如冠词，介词,小品词to等).5.多改正，少添加或删除.6.最大限度地保持句子和短文原意.短文改错应注意的问题四不改:①标点符号不改。②大小写不改。③词序错误不改。④单词拼写不改。文中出现带汉语注释的词，在句中不可能用错。命题角度考点解题思路名词冠词判断名词前的冠词是否误用名词名词的数句中名词该用单数还是复数动词动词时态、语态以及主谓一致根据上下文判断动词时态、语态是否有误、主谓搭配是否正确非谓语动词分词、动名词、不定式根据上下文判断非谓语动词是否误用代词人称代词的格、指示代词及关系代词与从句关系1.人称代词的格是否误用2.代词前后指代是否一致3.定语从句中关系词是否误用形容词、副词词法判断句中形容词和副词是否误用介词惯用法惯用法中介词是否误用连词句法判断句中并列连词、从属连词是否误用四、错词类型归纳,提高改错的准确率短文改错打油诗短文改错要做好，常见类型应记牢。名词爱考“数”与“格”，冠词在前“错/多/少”。动词时态和语态，非谓语搭配莫错了。连代形副错一样，多是故意来混淆。介词多半考搭配，多漏误用想周到。句法涉及到“一致”，从句多考关系词。词法句法均未错，逻辑推理去寻找。“1126”惯常比，回读复查敲定稿。改错方式比例：通常一个正确，一个多词，两个缺词，六个错词动词形，名词数还要注意形和副非谓语，细辨别介词、短语要牢记ALimerick代词格，细领悟句子成分多分析冠词连词常光顾逻辑错误须关注一、动词形1.时态错误。(过去时/现在时)08IwinanationalprizeforpaintinglastweekItis5yearsnowsinceIgraduatefrom…08辽宁…Thetimepassesquickly.02…,theydiscoveraholeintheballoon.06-2…butItriedtoactasifnothinghashappened…(07福建)Whentheycamehere,Iwillshowthem…08四川2.语态错误。(Vi/linking-verb.)…theanimalweredisappearedfromthehouse.IinvitedtotalkaboutTianjin.Afterthattheyaskedme…(08天津)3.主谓不一致(people,cattle,police;neither…nor…,notonly…but…,either…or…，therebe;except,with,aswellas,including;)…ofwinningtheprize.Whatwerebetter,Ihaduseful…(10)…thekangaroowerefree,itjumpedupandranaway…(07四川)Sodoourfriend,Cathy.Augustisthebesttime…(08福建)(08安徽)Oneday,whilemyfriendandIwastraveling…therearenoneedtospendmoney.04-24.缺少谓语动词（尤其缺be动词）Sheafraidofstayingathomealone.4.非谓语错用（谓语和非谓语的错用；V-ing和V-ed混用；to的多用，少用或误用）Theairkeepstheballoonupwasescapingquicklyandtheballoonwas…(06全国2)Myfatherwassopleasingthat…(08)Iknockedatthedoorandwasdelighting05江西Yes,aconcertcanbeveryexcited…(04-2)Ihavesomerecordsgivingtomeas…(04-2)Thecrowdwasverysurprisedseethis…(06-2)…,sowe’llhaveplentyofsparetimevisitthearea…(06福建)Iwilldomybesttohelpmaking…(05-2)Iwouldfinish300envelopsandtoearnthemoney.(08浙江)5.固定搭配(1）Vi/Vt混用结合Prep./adv.考Theysurvivedfromtheearthquake.serveforsb./returnback/repeatagainLucyagreedtomarrytoTom.Eveningcamedown.Wespentthenightin…02(2)固定用法…oftendreamedoftalkfacetoface…(08)Heagreedtoreadingmystory…(10)I’mwritingtoaskyoucometo…(06浙江)…areworththinkof,suchas…(08重庆)…ThoughIhaddifficultywalkbackto…(07福建)We’dbetternottofinishthechance.(08重庆)方法：一个简单句只能有一个谓语动词二名词数(1)U.N./C.N.混用…advicesonhowtowritelikearealwriter.(10)furniture,fun,knowledge,news,progress,information,weather,homeworketc.(2)C.N.单独使用→加冠词/名词改复数TherewasUncleChen,gentlemanliving…(10)Oneday,theschoolhadparty,where…(08天津)…forhalfamonth,visitingplaceofinterest…(08)…OnthewayupIwasbusytakingpicturesincethescenerywassobeautiful.(02)(3)所有格…（形近词混用）Wetookourholidayatmyuncle…解决方法:①看修饰语(07福建)Manyofmyclassmatethrewmeupintotheair…Bothmyparentmissyoualot(08福建)②看主谓一致(05)Thereareadvantageforstudentstoworkwhile…③C.N.不单独使用Aseveryoneknows,it’sfamousmountain…(02)④根据实际情况判断单复数…Ilookedathisotherhands…(07)⑤固定搭配Butoneandahalfyear(05-2)…Itwillbeabigsurprisingforthem…(08四川)shakehands;makefriends;inruins;goodmanners;difficult---difficulty;三形容词和副词常见错误(1)形容词和副词的混用Whichallsaiditwasaterriblyone!...(08陕西)Mypronunciationwasterribly.(05-2)IfeltsadlyIlearntalesson…(08天津)…visitusassoonaspossibly.(06浙江)Iwilllearnmoreaboutitasgoodas…(08-2)…Ican’tuseitverygood.(08天津)Iwouldeasyfinish300envelops.(08浙江)Shecalled119immediate.(04福建)(2)不同级(原级/比较级/最高级)及其修饰词的混用.ThesearethehappiergirlsI’veeverseen.(07-2)The2menthrewalltheirequipmentintothewatertomaketheballoonlight.(06-2)Youarealotoftallerthanme.(3)近义词或形近词的误用.(hard/hardly;right/rightly;close/closely,free/freely,high/highly,most/mostly；near/nearly/nearby;late/later/latter/lately）…tryingveryhardlytogettrainticketstogohome(08四川)…thebuswilltakeyourightlytotheFriendshipHotel.(04-3)四、代词格1.人称、性、数﹑格（主格/宾格，物主代词，反身代词）前后一致(偷换)Ibelieveyoupersonalexperiencewillbealotbetter.(09浙江)Wecantellothersourneedforhelpandaccepthishelp.07福建Finally,thementhrewawaymostofhisclothestosavethemselves.06-2Iwokeupandfoundmestillinbed.07浙江Weoftenplayatrickonhimself.05江苏Youhavetobefriendswithyourpupilsandtakegoodcareofhim.04湖北2.both,all,either,neither,none,each,others/theothers;something/anything;this/these/that/those/itIhopeIcanbeabridgebetweenChinaandotherscountries.08天津…writingtoeachfornearlyayearnow.08…thatIdidanythingspecialtoexpressmythanks.08四川…someareplayingcardsandtheothersaresingingordancing.3.形近词whose和who’s，its和it’sWehavebeenlearningaboutit’sculture(06浙江)五连词conj.1.并列连词（1）逻辑关系and,or,but,so