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虚拟语气(一)SubjunctiveMood(I)GRAMMER语法Ifyouwereanartist,whatkindofpictureswouldyoupaint?•IfIwereanartist,Iwouldpaint………1.英语动词有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气.2.定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。一、虚拟语气定义Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?IfIwonthelottery,Iwould…Ifhehadgotupearly,hewouldnothavebeenlateforschool.（与过去事实相反）假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim.假如他看见我,就会认识我。Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.1.虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法条件从句从句谓语形式主句谓语形式与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反1.动词过去式(或were)2.助动词（过去式）+动词原形should/would/could/might+动词原形had+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词should/would/could/might+动词原形1.should+动词原形2.动词过去式3.wereto+动词原形1.IfIwereyou,I____buythehouserightnow.A.won’tB.don’tC.wouldn’tD.can’t2._____morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.A.IfthecaptainwereB.IfthecaptainhadbeenC.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen3.Ifhe____metomorrow,IwouldlethimknowA.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenableC.werenotableD.arenotableBCA2.名词性从句的虚拟语气。主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。1.宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持：insist两个命令：order,command三个建议：advise,suggest,propose五个要求：demand,require,request,desireask这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。1.我们建议Tom去休息一下。2.他坚决要求我到场。3.国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。4.他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。1.WesuggestedthatTom2.HeinsistedthatIpresent.4.Theyrequestedthatwe3.Thekingorderedthattheprisonersshouldhavearest.(should)beShouldbekilledthenextday.shouldsendthemtoworkthere.2、以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire•It’ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.•Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.•Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.3、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；1）wish+宾语从句现在：过去：未来：过去时(did/were)过去完成时(haddone)would/could/might+V.should•IwishIwereabird.(现在)•IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.(过去)•Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.(未来)2.wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反过去时（were）had+过去分词would/could/might+动词原形Hewishedhe_____________________insuchaffairs.(involve)IwishI______abird.(be)hadneverbeeninvolvedwere2）wouldratherthat-现在：过去：未来：•Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.(现在)•Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.(过去)•Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.(未来)过去时过去时过去完成时3）asif/though+从句现在：过去：过去时过去完成时•Helooksasifheweredrunk.•Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.•Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.•Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.4).It’shightime+that-should+V.过去时你该走了。我们该睡觉了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.5)It’snecessary/strange/natural/importantapity+that---从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形1.Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.2.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.3.It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.6)without和butfor构成虚拟。(butfor要不是)•Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.•Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.•Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.7)Ifonly…(要是…就好了)IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!•要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。•要是我没错过火车就好了！Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!三、虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.Ifthestaffhadbeenmorecareful,themallwouldnotbeonfirenow.1.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_____.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israinedB精选习题2.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotired.A.drove…didn’tgetB.haddriven…wouldn’thavegotC.drove…wouldn’tgetD.weredriving…wouldn’tgetB3.Ifyou_____himyesterday,you_____whattodonow.A.asked…wouldknowB.hadasked…wouldhaveknownC.askedhim…knowD.hadasked…wouldknow4.Whatwouldhavehappened,_____asfarastheriverbank?A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfartherCD5.HowIwisheveryfamily_____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!(02上海)A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad6.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.(95N)A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbrokenBC.7-DoyoumindifIleavethewindowopen?-Well,I’dratheryou_____.A.don’tB.didn’tC.won’tD.mustn’t8.It’shalfpasteleven.It’shightime_____home.A.we’llB.we’dC.we’regoingD.wewentBD运用虚拟语气翻译下列句子1.我要是你的话,我就会把英语学好。2.如果你昨天来,你就会看见他。3.万一明天下雨,我们就不到那儿去。4.我希望我十年前认识他。5.他对待我就像对待他自己的儿子一样。Homework