2013.4.3公开课课件语法填空解题技巧点拨

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语法填空解题技巧点拨博罗华侨中学英语科组陈彩燕2013.04.03(1)通读全文,了解大意。既然是利用语篇在语境中考语法,那么,我们在解题前,应快速浏览短文,了解全文大意,这一步非常重要。(2)试填空格,后难先易。读懂短文之后,要结合短文所提供的特定的语境(也就是上下文),从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性,再根据句子的意义,以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。具体方法,请看以下“解题思路大全”。(3)重读全文,解决难题。在解题过程中要先易后难,难题在大部分空格填好后,再经过仔细推敲,难题也就不会再难了。所有空格填好后,把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。三个解题步骤我们根据命题的两种情况来探讨各自不同的解题思路:(1)纯空格试题。首先,分析句子结构确定填哪类词。然后,根据句子的意思,确定具体填什么词;根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。具体分析方法有:①缺主语或宾语,一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。解题思路大全[例1]IcansendamessagetoKenyawheneverIwantto,and__38_itgetstherealmostinasecond.(茂名一模)解析:and连接前后两个句子,and后面的句子缺主语,应填名词或代词;结合前一分句,不难推知,“马上可到达那里”的是themessage,替代themessage用代词it。该填怎样的代词?he/she/him/her还是it......•从上下文去找依据:•[例1]“Doyouneedthoseglassesformedicalreasons?”theteacherasked.Thenewboyshookhishead.”ThenI’dappreciateitifyoudidn’tweartheminclass.IliketolookatyoureyeswhenI’mspeakingtoyou.”Thenewboylookedattheteacher__23_for_afewsecondsandalltheotherstudentswondered__24_what_theboywoulddo.Thenhetook__25them_off,gaveabigsmileandsaid“Thatiscool.(2012广东高考)•[例2]Behindhimwereotherpeopleto21whomhewastryingtotalk,butaftersomeminutes22theywalkedawayandsatnearme,lookingannoyed.(2011广东高考)•[例3]Sothenextmoringthedonkeylayinthestableonhissidewithhiseyes21closed....22Afterlookingatthedongkey,thedoctorsaid23•heneededaspecialmedicinemade24fromtheheartofagoat.(2011惠二模)•[例4]Butonsecondthought,thecurioushouseownerwonderedhowthisgecko(壁虎)couldlivethrough10yearswithitstail20naileddownandbeingunabletogoanywhere?...Afteralittlewhile,thereappearedanothergeckowithfoodin•21itsmouth!(2012惠州模拟)•②若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,可能是填连词;若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填连接词。应填哪些连接词?and/or/but/therefore/which/what...?•理解语篇,分析句子,发挥所学语法知识•[例1]Ofcoursewhenevertheyturndtolookathim,theyhadtolookatMary,_22_which_madeherfeellikeastar.(2012广东高考)••[例2]Thenewboylookedattheteacher__23for__afewsecondsandalltheotherstudentswondered__24what__theboywoulddo.(2012广东高考)[例3]Myfriendswalkedmetothebusstopandwaitedwithme17untilthebusarrived.(2011高考)•[例4]OvertheyearsI'vebeenteachingkidsaboutasimple16butpowerfulconcept---theantphi-losophy.(2012惠州3模)•[例5]…allIsawwasthisbeautifulgirl,whosesmilejustmeltedme36andalmostinstantlygavemeacompletelynewsenseofwhatlifeisallabout.(2008年深圳一模)•解析:因meltedme和gaveme两个动宾短语之间没有连词,一定是填连词;两者是并列关系,故填and。首先,判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态、语态和语气。若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用—ing形式、—ed形式,还是用不定式形式,[例1]Marywilleverforgetthefirsttimeshesawhim.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,_16wearing_(wear)sunglasses.Hewalkedinasifhe_17_hadbought__(buy)theschool.AndthewordquicklygotaroundthathewasfromNewYoukCity.(2012高考)(2)给出了动词的试题。[例2]ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,40closed(close)mybookandwalkedaway.(2008年广州一模)解析:虽然句中已有谓语动词declined,但由andwalked可知,所填词与declined和walked是并列关系,所以也用一般过去式closed。[例3]InLogan,threepeople__38_weretaken_(take)toahospital,whileothersweretreatedatalocalclinic.(梅州二模)解析:因主语threepeople与take是被动关系,即三个人被送进医院,故用被动语态;由weretreated可知,要用一般过去时,故填weretaken。非谓语动词:(1)作主语或宾语,通常用—ing形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体的情况。•[例4]…butitisnotenoughonly35tomemorize(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.(佛山一模)•解析:因it是形式主语,后面用不定式作真正的主语,故填tomemorize。•[例5]_Speaking__(speak)outyourinnerfeelingwon’tmakeyoufeelashamed,onthecontrary…•解析:句中已有谓语won’tmake,所以speak应为非谓语动词;谓语前面应为主语,作主语,表示一般情况,要用动名词短语,故填Speaking。(2)作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式。如:[例6]__Tocomplete_(complete)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.解析:因句中已有谓语willhavetowork,所以complete应为非谓语动词;因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的,作目的状语,用动词不定式,故填Tocomplete。[例7]Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikelytosucceed(succeed).(2008年佛山一模)解析:因在形容词likely后作状语,要用动词不定式,故填tosucceed。(3)作伴随状语,常用分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词,是被动关系,用过去分词。[例8]Hesawthestone,37saying(say)tohimself:“Thenightwillbeverydark.”(2008年东莞一模)解析:句中已有谓语saw,所给动词与saw不是并列关系,应当是非谓语动词;又因He与say是主动关系,故填saying作伴随状语。[例9]Theheadmasterwentintothelab,_followed____(follow)bytheforeignguests.解析:句中已有谓语went,而follow又不是与之并列的,故为非谓语动词;又因theheadmaster与follow是被动关系,故用过去分词作伴随状语。(4)不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分,若判断需要用分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系用—ing形式,是被动关系用—ed形式。[例10]Therewillbeameeting,__40starting__(start)laterthisyeartoreviewthefilm.(2008年广州二模)解析:因ameeting与start是主动关系,用现在分词短语作定语,补充说明ameeting,故填starting。[例11]Lessons39learned(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.(广东考试说明)解析:因句中已有谓语canhelp,所以learn应为非谓语动词;又因lesson与learn是被动关系,要用过去分词短语作定语,故填learned。•特别提醒:有时给出的动词可能既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词,而是要求词类转换。如:•ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather___36choice___(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.(2009年广东)•分析:括号中所给词choose虽然是动词,但在句中作主语,且在形容词性物主代词后,应当填choose的名词形式choice。

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