药理学教学大纲英文版 Syllabus of Pharmacology

SyllabusofPharmacologyIntroduction1.Thecharacteristics,goalandmissionPharmacologyisanessentialcoursethatcontributesbasictheory,elementaryknowledgeandscientificprincipalstodiseasespreventionandrationaluseofdrug.Itisalsoadoublebridgethatlinksmedicineandpharmacy,basicmedicineandclinicalmedicine.Thescopeofpharmacologyinvolvesfunctionsciences(physiology,pathology,biochemistryandmolecularbiology),morphology(humananatomy,embryology,parasitology)andclinic(internalmedicine,surgery,gynecology,pediatrics)andmanyotherdisciplines.Pharmacologyischaracterizedbywiderangeofcontentsandprofoundtheories,makingitanindispensablecourseformedicalandpharmaceuticalresearchaswellasclinicalandproductionpractice.Thegoalofpharmacologyincludes:1)toclarifytheactionofdrugandunderlyingmechanism,supportrationaluseofdrug,maximizationofdrugeffectandavoidancefromadverseeffect;2)todevelopnewdrugandnovelpurposeofexistingdrug;3)toprovidesupportsandmethodsforotherlifescienceresearches.2.Basicrequirementsforteaching1)PharmacologytheoryThetheoryofpharmacologyhasitsverticalextentandconnectionswithotherparalleldisciplines.Learningofpharmacologytheoryshouldbeonthebasisofknowledgeonphysiology,biochemistry,microbiology,immunology,physiopathology,etc.Itscloserelationshipwithclinicalpracticeextendsthewidthanddepthofpharmacology.Thegoalofteachingincludes:Deliverbasictheoryandprincipals;Discovernewdrugandexplorecellphysiological,biochemicalandpathologicalprocess;Introducethelatestprogressandbasicresearchideasandmeans;Initiatescientificwayofthinking,intermsofdrugusageandbasicpharmacologyresearch.2)PharmacologyexperimentPharmacologyisanexperimentalscience,ofwhichthetheoryisobtainedfromtheexperimentalstudies,includingnonclinicalandclinicalstudy.Itistheexperimentalstudiesthataccumulatetherichcontentofpharmacology,andpromotethedevelopmentofmodernpharmacology.Thisiswhyexperimentsrepresentacriticalroleinpharmacologyteaching.Toimprovetheteachingeffect,wemodifiedandrearrangedtraditionalpharmacologyexperimentstoanewsetofexperimentsrangingfrommicrotomacro,fromqualitativetoquantitative,fromsystemorgantocellularandmolecularlevelthatreflectsmoderndevelopments.Newresearchmeansandresultsandnewconceptsandtheoriesareincorporatedintheseexperiments.Thestudentsaretrainedtoapplyknowledgetopracticeduringthedesigning,independentconducting,analyzinganddiscussingoftheexperiments.Intheexperiments,weencouragestudentstothinkindependently,designtheexperimentsthemselvesandputthinkingintopractice.Thatenablesstudentstointegratewhattheylearnedintheclassroomwithpractice,andachieveddesirableresults.3.ScheduleandcontentTheteachingscheduleissettoaccommodatetheactualsituationofourcollege.Thereare2portions:1)Basicpharmacologyisscheduledonfourthgradeorfifthgrade.Atotalof90classesaretaughtbyfacultyofpharmacologydepartment.Thecontentincludesgeneralpharmacology,efferentsystempharmacology,centralnervoussystempharmacology,cardiovascularpharmacology,internalorgansandhormonesystemspharmacologyandpharmacologyofchemotherapeuticdrugs,etc.Generalintroductioncoversthegeneralprinciplesofpharmacology,includingpharmacodynamics,pharmacokineticsanddruginteraction.Foreachorgansystems,thepharmacodynamic(suchasthepharmacologicaleffectsofdrugs,drugactionmechanisms,drugclinicaluseandadversereactions)andpharmacokinetic(invivodrugprocesses)characteristicsofdrugsaredetailed.2)Clinicalpharmacologyisscheduledonseventhgrade.ThetextbookandthelecturesarepresentedbyPUMCHdepartmentofclinicalpharmacology.90classesaredividedinto70classesoftheory(6lectures)and20classesofexperiments,exceptfor2classesofexamination.4.TeachingmethodandcharacteristicsTheories:1)Lecture.Variousteachingmethodsarefurnishedinpharmacologylectures.Multimediacoursewareinaidofblackboardisthecommonwayofteaching.Animationsarealsousedtoillustratethemechanismofdrugs,makingtheabstractslivelyandeasytounderstand.2)“Problembasedlearning”(PBL)mode.ThecoreofPBLisgroupdiscussion,withatypicalgroupof25students.Theteacherwillgiveacasebriefingandthenaquestionisforwarded.Thestudentswillspeakinturntoaddressthequestion.Atthepresentstage,allPBLclassarehostedbyprofessorsandthetopicofPBLclasscirclesantibioticsandendocrinesystemdrugs.ThekeyofPBLteachingissteeringthediscussion,thusasuccessfulPBLclasscallsformorepreparationwork.3)English-Chineseteaching.ForEight-yearmedicalstudents,thelecturesaregiveninEnglish,withChineseannotationsonkeypoints.PPTsarepresentinEnglish(ormainlyinEnglishwithChineseannotationsonmedicalvocabulary).ExperimentsaretaughtinEnglish.TheexperienceofEnglish-Chineseteachingindicateapositiveeffectthatcanbeenhancedbyperseverance.Experiments:1)Comprehensiveexperiments,whichinclude:Experimentalskillstraining,includingcommonlyusedfunctionalandversatileexperimentaltechniqueandskills,andtraditionalphysiology,pathophysiologyandpharmacologicalexperiments(e.g.,receptordynamicsandpharmacokineticsexperiments).Integratedfunctionexperiments,inwhichacombinationofnormalfunctionmeasurements,physiologicalstimulatesassessments,pathologicalmodelpreparationanddrugeffectevaluations,