aging society(人口老龄化)

丁恒春DingHengchun‘Thefuturebelongstotheyouth’.Butthismayberidiculousifthisworldisfulloftheelderly.TheUN(unitednations)predictstherateofpopulationageinginthe21stcenturywillexceedthatofthepreviouscentury.ContentDefinitionReasonsProblemsSolutionsDefinitionAgingofpopulation(alsoknownasdemographicaging,andpopulationaging)isasummarytermforshiftsintheagedistribution(i.e.,agestructure)ofapopulationtowardolderages.60yearsoldexceed10%65yearsoldexceed7%DefinitionPopulationageingiswidespreadacrosstheworld.Itismostadvancedinthemosthighlydevelopedcountries.Inmanydevelopedcountries,suchasGermany,Greece,Italy,Japan,,theelderlyalreadyoutnumberchildren.Developingcountries(suchasBrazil,China,Indonesia,)arenowgoingthroughasimilaragingprocess,butatamuchfasterpace.countriesFranceSwedenAmericaEnglandChinaTime(year)11585664525thetimedifferentcountriestakesforitselderlypopulationtoincreasefrom7%to14%.DefinitionPopulationagingisexpectedtobeamongthemostprominentglobaldemographictrendsofthe21stcentury.ReasonsdecliningfertilityChildcarecostsincrease,acceleratedpaceoflife,lifepressures,resultinginplentyofDinkfamily.increasinglongevityMedicalconditionsTworelatedformulas:Growthrateofpopulation=birthrate–mortalityrateThepercentoftheelders=𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑓𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛ReasonsHowever,theformationofagingsocietyindifferentregionsmayalsohavegreatdifference.Theprocessofaginginourcountryisinfluencedby‘Familyplanningpolicy’.Thebabyboomin1960sandFamilyplanningpolicysince1970scontributetotoday’ssituation.Moreelders,lessyouths.BenefitfromtheImmigrationpolicy,Americahaslowdegreeofagingamongdevelopedcountries.ProblemsHealthcaresystemsfortheelderly.Thelargestareaofexpenditureinmanycountriesisnowhealthcare,whosecostislikelytoincreasedramaticallyaspopulationsaging.SocialsecuritysystemsEarlierdefinedbenefitpensionsystemsareexperiencingsustainabilityproblemsduetotheincreasedlongevity,especiallyfordevelopingcountries.ProblemsEconomicgrowthOlderpeopleinjapanhavehigheraccumulatedsavingsperheadthanyoungerpeople,butspendlessonconsumergoods.Thisisnotgoodnewsfortherevivalofeconomic.BurdenoffamilyBecauseofthe‘onechildpolicy’,themodeof4+2+1iscommoninchina.Thatmeansacoupleneedtakecareoffouroldersandonechild.ProblemsLackofhunmanresourceRencently,easternChinaarefacingthesituationoflackinglaborforce.SolutionsRaisetheretirementageJustlikewhatmanydevelopedcountrieshasdone,rasinglegalretirementageisainevitabletrend.ImmigrationMoreover,eveniffertilityweretorise,itwouldtakeagenerationfortheadditionalbirthstoenterthelaborforce.So,developedcountries,likeAmericaandCanada,hasbeendoingitsincemanyyearsago.SolutionsChangetheonechildpolicyChinesegovernmentisdoingthis!SolutionsAcceleratetheconstructionofcommunityservicesfortheelderlyGovernmentshouldconcernaboutthehealth(bodyhealthandmentalhelth)oftheelderly,andprovidedmoremedicalfacilitiesforthem.Thesoonertheseadjustmentsareputinplace,theeasieritwillbeforgovernments,organizations,familiesandindividualstodealwiththefar-reachingandprofoundconsequencesofpopulationaging.Everyonewillbeold.Solovetheelderlyjustlikeourselves!