液体发动机关键件钎焊缝超声C扫描检测及质量控制研究

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硕士学位论文液体发动机关键件钎焊缝超声C扫检测及质量控制研究STUDYONULTRASONICC-SCANTESTINGANDQUALITYCONTROLOFBRAZINGSEAMOFLIQUIDENGINEKEYCOMPONENTS陈晓峰2012年3月国内图书分类号:TG115.28+5学校代码:10213国际图书分类号:629.179.16密级:公开工程硕士学位论文液体发动机关键件钎焊缝超声C扫描检测及质量控制研究硕士研究生:陈晓峰导师:刚铁教授申请学位:工程硕士学科:材料工程所在单位:首都航天机械公司答辩日期:2012年3月授予学位单位:哈尔滨工业大学ClassifiedIndex:TG115.28+5U.D.C:629.179.16DissertationfortheMasterDegreeinEngineeringSTUDYONULTRASONICC-SCANTESTINGANDQUALITYCONTROLOFBRAZINGSEAMOFLIQUIDENGINEKEYCOMPONENTSCandidate:ChenXiaofengSupervisor:Prof.GangTieAcademicDegreeAppliedfor:MasterofEngineeringSpecialty:MaterialsProcessingEngineeringAffiliation:DateofDefence:CapitalaerospacemachinerycompanyMarch,2012Degree-Conferring-Institution:HarbinInstituteofTechnology哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文-I-摘要液体发动机上关键部件导向环由环与带两个零件组成,其连接采用钎焊工艺。环上共60片个叶片均要求与带之间形成可靠的钎焊接头。钎焊完成后进行等分线切割。钎焊质量一直依靠焊接工艺参数保证,仅对产品外观进行检查,而对焊缝内部质量受技术制约没有进行检测。钎焊焊缝的质量无法得到保证。在本课题中除了研究对接间隙对钎着率的影响之外,主要研究超声C扫描对钎焊焊缝缺陷的检测,以达到保证焊缝质量及可靠性的目的。研究中采用超声C扫描的方法对钎焊焊缝进行检测,达到对导向环投入使用前的质量控制和检测。在研究中,机械扫描机构、标准试件和超声波检测仪等组成导向环超声C扫描无损检测系统。并通过水浸耦合进行检测,即将检测件放置在水中,利用超声波在介质中传播的速度不同的原理进行检测;然后将检测结果与其金相实验结果进行对比和评价,其对比结果表明,超声C扫描对于钎焊焊缝缺陷的评价基本上与金相试验的结果相同,其检测结果可以作为评价焊缝质量的标准。同时,研究表明超声C扫描可以对钎缝中未钎合缺陷实现定性和定量表示。其中,通过与Ф1mm平底孔超声C扫描的图像面积进行对比,可以得出叶片中的未钎合缺陷位置及尺寸,现有的超声C扫描能够检测并在图像上显示的昀小缺陷的直径在0.4mm(面积0.13mm2),而单个叶片的面积为36.28mm2,其比值为0.35%;而通过对钎缝超声C扫描结果中颜色的变化可以确定钎缝中缺陷存在的严重程度。通过对不同钎缝间隙下,钎着率的研究发现随着钎缝间隙的增大,钎着率成反比趋势下降。当钎缝间隙值处于0.04-0.08mm区间时,焊缝钎着率均在85%以上;当钎缝间隙增大至0.10mm后,钎着率开始显著降低;当钎缝间隙达到0.14mm时,钎着率降低至0。同时,要保证钎焊间隙就要提高装配精度及机加平行度。关键词:无损检测;超声C扫描;钎焊;钎着率;缺陷检测哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文-II-AbstractThekeycomponentsofliquidenginecontainimpellerloopandbandwhicharejointedbybrazing.Therearesixtybladesintheringwhicharerequiredreliablebrazedjointsbetweeneachband.Bisectorcuttingiscarriedoutafterbrazing.Thequalityofbrazingalwaysreliesontheweldingparameters.Theappearanceoftheproductisalwaysdetected,buttheinternalqualityofweldisnotdetectedduetothetechnicalconstraints.Thus,brazingweldqualitycannotbeguaranteed.Inthearticle,theinfluenceofbuttgaponthebrazedrateisstudied,andthentheultrasonictestingofwelddefectsinbrazingweldiscarriedoutbyultrasonictoensureweldqualityandreliability.Inthesametime,themethodofultrasonicC-scanisalsousedtocontrolanddetectthequalityoftheimpellerbladebeforeitisputtedintouse.UltrasonicC-scansystemwhichisusedinthestudycontainsthreeparts:mechanicalscanningdevices,ultrasonicC-scaninstrumentsandstandardtestpieces.Themethodofwaterimmersionisusedtodetecttheweldbasedonthedetectionprincipleofdifferentpropagationvelocityinthemediaofultrasonicwave.Thenthedetectionresultsarecomparedwiththeresultsofmetallographictest.ThecomparativeresultsshowedthattheevaluationofbrazingseambyultrasonicC-scanwasconsistentwiththeresultsofmetallurgicaltest.Thus,theresultsofultrasonicC-scancanbeusedascriteriafortheevaluationofweldquality.Atthesametime,thestudyshowedthatultrasonicC-scancandetecttheincompletepenetrationinbrazingweldqualitativelyandquantitatively.ThroughthecontrastwiththeimageareaofultrasonicC-scanofflatholewithФ1mm,thepositionandsizeofincompletepenetrationinthebladecanbeobtained.ThediameterofdefectwhichtheexistingultrasonicC-scancandetectis0.4mm(theareais0.13mm2),andtheareaofsinglebladeis36.28mm2,sotheratiois0.35%.ThecolorchangeintheimagewhichisobtainedthroughultrasonicC-scancanreflecttheseverityofthedefectsinthebrazingjoints.Throughthestudyonthebrazedrateindifferentbrazingseamgap,itisshowedthatwiththeincreaseofthebrazingseamgap,thebrazedrateshowedadownwardtrend.Whenthegapwasbetween0.04mmand0.08mm,thebrazedratewasabove85%.Whenthegapincreasedto0.1mm,thebrazedratebegantosignificantlyreduce.Whenthegapincreasedto0.14mm,thebrazedratedeclinedtozero.Inthesametime,inordertoensurethebrazingseamgap,theaccuracyofassemblyandmachiningparallelismshouldbeimproved.哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文-III-Keywords:non-destructivetesting,ultrasonicC-scan,brazing,brazedrate,defectsdetection哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文-IV-目录摘要......................................................................................................................IAbstract.................................................................................................................II第1章绪论........................................................................................................11.1研究课题的目的和意义............................................................................11.2钎焊技术的研究现状................................................................................31.3无损检测研究现状....................................................................................41.4超声检测研究现状....................................................................................41.4.1超声波无损检测技术.........................................................................41.4.2超声检测设备.....................................................................................51.5超声C扫描的研究现状.............................................................................81.5.1超声C扫描成像原理..........................................................................81.5.2超声C扫描水浸聚焦原理.......................................................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