虚拟语气和倒装句

Unit3UnderstandingeachotherGrammarandusageUnrealconditionalsstateaconditionorsituationthatisnotrealorisimaginary.Unrealconditionals虚拟语气虚拟语气用来陈述一个不真实或者想象的情况。Weuseunrealconditionalstostateapresentconditionorsituationthatisnotrealorisimaginary.1)IfIgotmarriedinUK,Iwouldexpectapresent.2)IcouldreachthebookifIwereabittaller.3)IfIhadthechance,Imightwanttobeatranslator.我们用虚拟语气陈述现在不真实或想象的情景。Weformunrealpresentconditionalslikethis:If…was/were/did…,…would/could/mightdo…1.假如现在我有更多的时间，我就会学习德语。IfIhadmoretimenow，IwouldstudyGerman.2.要是我象你一样年轻,我就会找时间锻炼。IfIwere/wasyoungasyou,Iwouldfindtimetoexercise.Practice:1)Would,couldandmightareofteninterchangeable,butwithsomedifferenceinmeaning.would→intention;plancould→ability;possibilitymight→probability2)InwrittenEnglishorinformalsituation,weusuallyusewereinIf-clausesinplaceofwas.However,ineverydayconversation,wasisoftenused.TIPWealsouseunrealconditionalstorefertoanimaginarypastaction.1)Ifyouhadjoinedthechatroomtenminutesago,youwouldhaveknownwhatweweretalkingabout.2)IfthemanhadpointedwithhisfirstfingerwhilehewasinBrunei,everyonewouldhavethoughtthathewasveryrude.我们用虚拟语气表示想象中发生在过去的动作。Weformunrealpastconditionalslikethis:If…hadbeen/done…,…would/could/mighthavedone…1)如果他抓紧时间，他本来能赶上那趟火车。Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.2)如果你昨天告诉他，他也许会提些建议了。Ifyouhadtoldhimyesterday,hemighthavemadesomesuggestions.Weuseunrealfutureconditionalstotalkaboutimaginaryfuturesituations.1)IfIhadtimetomorrow,Iwouldcertainlyhelpyou.2)IfIweretofailmyMathstest,Iwouldhavetotakeitagainattheendoftheterm.3)Ifheshouldcometomorrow,Iwouldtalktohimaboutit.我们用虚拟语气表示想象中发生在将来的情景。Weformunrealfutureconditionalslikethis:If…was/were/did/should/wereto…,…would/should/mightdo…1)假如我要出国，我就会去法国。IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoFrance.2)万一明天下雨，我们的郊游就推迟。Ifitshouldraintomorrow,ourpicnicwouldbeputoff.Wecanalsoputshould,wereandhadatthebeginningofanunrealconditionalsentence.Inthiscase,ifisnotneededanymore.1)Ifyoushouldmakeamistake,youshouldnotbeembarrassed.→Shouldyoumakeamistake,youshouldnotbeembarrassed.2)Ifyouhadtoldmeearlier,Iwouldnothavethisproblemnow.→Hadyoutoldmeearlier,Iwouldnothavethisproblemnow.3)Ifyouweretotakethetrain,youwouldbetheremuchsooner.→Wereyoutotakethetrain,youwouldbetheremuchsooner.Wecanalsousecould+thepresentperfectwiththeif-clauseforunrealconditionals.E.g.IfIcouldhavetoldyouaboutculturaldifferencesbetweenItalyandtheUK,Iwouldhave.MorepracticeFillintheblankswiththeverbsgiveninthebracketsintheirproperforms.1.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe_________(drive)inturn,you________________(notget)sotired.2.________it__________(notbe)foryourhelp,Icouldn’thavemadeanyprogress.haddrivenwouldn’thavegotHadnotbeen3.—HasMrSmithrecoverednow?—Yes.Who__________________(think)thatsuchaseriousillnesscouldbecured?4.______________it_____________(rain)tomorrow,thematchwouldbecalledoff.wouldhavethoughtWere/Shouldtorain/rain6.Jeandoesn’twanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatif___________________________(get)ajob,sheprobablywouldn’tbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.couldhavebeenorganized/shouldget/got5.MostofthestudentsfeltratherdisappointedattheEnglishparty.Theysaidthatit________________________(organize)better.weretoget7.Muchlabourwouldhavebeensavedifelectroniccomputer________________(invent)before.8.——Welldone,Jack！——Thanks.Butgivenmoretime,I____________________________(do)itbetter.hadbeeninventedcould/would/mighthavedoneChoosetherightanswer:1.EverythingifAlberthadn’tcalledthefirebrigade.A.willbedestroyedB.willhavebeendestroyedC.wouldbedestroyedD.wouldhavebeendestroyed2.Thebusinessisrisky.But_______,wewouldberich.A.shouldwesucceedB.weshouldsucceedC.mightwesucceedD.wouldwesucceed3.Whatwouldhavehappened,________,asfarastheriverbank?A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfarther4.I_____yousomemoney,butIhadn’tanyonmethen.A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelentC.couldlendD.mayhavelent5.______today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WasheleavingB.IfheleavesC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheisleaving6.Supposingthisship,doyouthinktherewouldbeenoughlifejacketsforallthepassengers?A.weretosinkB.hassunkC.wassinkingD.sunk7.Idon’tthinkhe’llattendtheparty,and______heattendit,whatwouldhewear?A.wereB.hadC.didD.should8.——Mybossoftenmademeworkdayandnight.——IfI_____you,I______thejob.A.am,willgiveupB.hadbeen,wouldhavegivenupC.were,wouldgiveupD.hadbeen,wouldgiveup9.——Youcanaskyourbrotherforhelp.——Heisn’tathome.Ifhe____,I___.A.were,wouldB.is,wouldC.is,willD.were,will10.——AreyouthinkingaboutgoingtoDalianforthevacation?——No,butifI_____time,I—————verygladtogothere.A.have,willbeB.hadhad,wouldhavebeenC.had,wouldbeD.hadhad,wouldbe11.——SallyfinallygotherefromChicago.——Ifshe_____earlier,we_____hertothepartythen.A.came,wouldtakeB.hadcome,wouldhavetakenC.comes,willtakeD.hadcome,wouldtake12.Ifyou_______George,wouldyoupleasetellhimtoringme?A.sawB.weretoseeC.hadseenD.seeIalwaysbuythesamebrandoftoothpastejustoutof(=becauseof)habit.出于习惯我总是买相同品牌的牙膏。Iusedtoswimtwiceaweek,butIseemtohavegotoutof(=ended)thehabitrecently.我过去一个星期游两次泳,但最近我似乎戒除了这一习惯。habit用来指一个人根深蒂固的一种行为方式，它如此地根深蒂固，以致于人们不用有意识地去想就能完成