虚拟语气用

Wordstudy1.Choosethecorrectwordstofillintheblanks.1.InFebruary2003somepeoplegot________(infectedwith/immuneto)astrangediseaseanddiedwithinamonth.2.Havingfoundoutthatthegirlhasgotadiseasewhichis________(curable/incurable)andwilldiesoon,theboydecidedtohelphertomakethelastdaysofherlifebeautifulandmeaningful.3.althoughhemetmanydifficulties,Helenwasnot_______(encouraged/discouraged),shecontinuedstrugglingwiththedisease.4.Peoplethinkitaseriouscrimetoattack________(defensive,defenceless)children.√√√√Fillintheblankswithwordsinthetext.1.Itisnot_________tobelateforwork.2.Ittookscientistsseveralmonthstoidentifythe_________thatcausesSARS.3.Hewasdefeatedinthetennismatchbecauseofa_______ofconfidence.4.Whenherhusbandlefther,severalfriendsorganizedapartyto_______meup.5.Itisnousetryingto________himtohaveaholidaybecauseheisaworkaholic.6.Ithinkthebest__________foracoldistodrinkalotofwater.7.Notenoughmoneyis__________tohelpthestudentsinpoorareas.8.Myfatherthinksthecompetitionincomputercompaniesissofiercethathe___________mefromenteringthefield.properviruslackcheerpersuadetreatmentavailablediscourages一、英语中的条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。真实条件句假设的情况可能发生，其中if是“如果”的意思，主句和从句的谓语动词都要用陈述语气。eg:Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifitrains.句型条件句主句时态一般现在时Shall/will+动词原型注意：若表示真理，主句谓语动词直接用一般现在时。而非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实现可能性不大的情况，要用虚拟语气，可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，基本特点是时态退后。二、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设与过去相反的假设与将来相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式（动词be用were)If+主语+had+过去分词主语+should/would/might/could＋动词原形主语＋should/would/might/could＋have+过去分词1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形主语＋should/would/might/could＋动词原形eg:IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.如果我是你，我就会努力学习．如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了．如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛．IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkharderatmylessons.IfIhadknownhistelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledhim.Ifitrained\shouldrain\weretorain,wewouldcalloffthematch.Morepractice:使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：１．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：”错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整．Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.（从句说的是过去，主句说的是现在）Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了．如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了．２．省略句在条件句中，可省略if，把were,had,should提到句首，变为倒装句式．IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定式，不能用动词的缩略形式．如我们可以说Wereitnotforexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.不可以说Weren’titfortheexpense,…WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.３、用介词短语代替条件状语从句．常用的介词有with,without,butfor等。如：Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?Wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.Butfortherainwewouldhavefinishedthework.(=Ifyouhadamilliondollars)?(=ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp).(=Ifithadn’tbeenfortherain),４、含蓄条件句。有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不是总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.（独立主格）Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.（副词）Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.（连词）Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.（连词）三、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用用于宾语从句１、wish用于后面的宾语从句中。用于后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为：表现在（针对现状表达愿望，与事实相反）过去时（be用were）表过去（对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔）表将来（针对将来表达愿望，实现的可能极小）Iwish(that)Iwereabird.Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.Iwish(that)Iwould\couldgo.但愿我能去．过去完成时would,might,could＋动词原形2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,request,demand,desireetc.一坚持；二命令；三建议；四要求Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.注意：suggest当表示“暗示、表明”讲时，insist表示“坚持认为”之意时，应用陈述语气。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意．那个人坚持说他没有偷钱．用于主语从句中1.Itisnecessary／important／strange／natural／impossible/surprising/apity+that从句。从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略。2.Itissuggested／desired/ordered/requested/demandedthat…Itisnecessarythatyou(should)cleantheroomafterwork.Itisimportantthathe(should)workharderathislessons.Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Itisorderedthatthework(should)bedoneatonce.在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should＋动词原形”should可以省略．用于表语从句和同位语从句Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.Mysuggestionthatwe(should)haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Itis(high)timethat…从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形，should不能省略．三、虚拟语气在其他从句中Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.Ifonly引导的感叹句（要是．．．该有多好啊）IfonlyIknewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!wouldrather+从句与现在和将来事实相反，动词用过去时；与过去现实相反，动词用过去完成时Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth.KatewentbycarandI’drathershehadn’t.I’drathershehadaskedmebeforeborrowingthecar.asif(asthough)看起来evenif(eventhough)即使用于它们后面的从句，表示与现在、过去或将来事实相反的情况，或表示不太可能实现的愿望。用法同wish。Hespokeasifhehadknownaboutit.Ifeltasthoughwehadknowneachotherforyears.Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.Ifitw