English Corner-Confucius & Confucianism 孔子和儒家思想

InternationalServiceDept.EnglishCornerJune,7th,2012ContentsConfucianismOurBeliefs21ModelTeacherforTenThousandAgesConfucius•ModelTeacherforTenThousandAges(万世师表)•Master(子)/MasterKong•ExtremelySageDepartedTeacher(至圣先师)•GreatSage(至圣)•FirstTeacher(先师)•FirstPlaceofWorldTop10CulturalCelebritiesbyUNESCO（“世界十大文化名人”之首）Confucius&ConfucianismWhichwords,sentenceorotherswillbeinyourmindwhenyouhearaboutConfuciusorConfucianism?•AnalectsConfucius&Confucianism•GoldenRule_己所不欲，勿施于人•Whatyoudonotwishforyourself,donotdotoothers.•Neverimposeonotherswhatyouwouldnotchooseforyourself.•Donotdounto/tootherswhatyouwouldnothavethemdounto/toyou.Confucius&Confucianism•GreatexemplarofChinatraditionalEtiquetteSalutewiththehandsfolded拱手礼WordsSage[sedʒ]圣人Analects[‘ænəlekts]论语Properman/gentlemen君子Confucius[kən’fju:ʃəs]孔子Confucian[kən’fju:ʃən]儒家的，儒家学者Confucianism[kən’fju:ʃənizm]孔子学说，儒学Cornerstone基石，基础ethical[‘eθikəl]道德的Humane[hju:’meɪn]adj.仁爱的，慈善的；高尚的humaneness/humanity[hju:’mæniti]n.人类；人性；人道humanism[‘hju:mə,nɪzəm]n.人道主义altruism[‘æltru:,ɪzəm]利他主义rightenous[‘raɪtʃəs]正义的propriety[prə’praɪɪti]礼貌，规矩etiquette[‘etɪket]礼仪Christianity[,krɪsti:’ænɪti]基督教greedy/superficial/narrowlyself-interestedman小人virtue[‘və:tju:]美德filialpiety孝顺[‘fɪli:əl][’paiəti]WhatisConfucianism?•ThecornerstoneoftraditionalChineseculture;•AChineseethicalandphilosophicalsystemdevelopedfromtheteachingsoftheChinesephilosopherConfucius;AportraitofConfuciusbytheTangDynastyartistWuDaozi(680–740)Influence•Confucianismhadbeenregardedasanethic-politicalsysteminancientChina.•Formorethanthousandyearsithasmoulded(塑造)andshapedthecivilizationofChinaandexertedaprofoundinfluenceduponalmostonefourthofthehumanrace.Influence•InQinDynasty,ConfucianismbecametheofficialstateideologyofChina,•untilitwasreplacedbythe“ThreePrinciplesofthePeople（三民主义）”ideologywiththeestablishmentoftheRepublicofChina(国民党),•andthenMaoistCommunismaftertheROCwasreplacedbythePRCMainlandChina.Influence•Peacefullyco-existentwithTaoistandBuddhistconceptsinChina；•TheuniquenucleusofthebehaviorinEastAsia,justasChristianityisessentialforpeople’sbehaviorinthewest;•6millionConfuciansintheworld;About26,000liveinNorthAmerica;theremainderarefoundthroughoutChinaandtherestofAsia;•Morethan180ConfucianInstitutes(孔子学院)overseas.ThemesinConfucianThoughtHumaneness/benevolenceRighteousness/JusticePropriety/EtiquetteKnowledgeIntegrityAllThoughtsFiveConstants/theWuchang(五常)CoreForgiveness恕Loyalty忠FilialPiety孝Respectful恭仁Humaneness/benevolence•ThecoreofConfucianism;•AsimplewaytounderstandConfucianthoughtistoexaminetheworldbyusingthelogicofhumanity;仁Humaneness/benevolence•Renisanobligationofaltruismandhumanenessforotherindividualswithinacommunity.•BestexpressionofConfucianversionoftheGoldenRule:Donotdountootherswhatyouwouldnothavethemdountoyou.”义Righteousness/Justice•Amonghisteachings,Confuciusemphasizedrighteousnesswhichistheabilitytodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.•Righteousnesscanbethoughtofassimilartowhatisoftenreferredtoasaconscience.•Implythataperson’sactionsarejustified.•Aconceptofmoralrightnessbasedonethics.义Rightenous/Justice•Confuciusbelievedthatactionsshouldbetakenonthebasisofwhethertheactismorallyrightorwrongasopposedtowhetheritwillprovideprofitorutilitytoanindividualorgroup.礼Propriety/Etiquette•TranslatedintoEnglishasrituals,customs,rites,etiquette,ormorals,referstoanyofthesecularsocialfunctionsofdailylife,akintotheWesterntermforculture.•ConfuciusconsiderededucationandmusicasvariouselementsofLi.礼Propriety/Etiquette•Liwerecodifiedandtreatedasacomprehensivesystemofnorms,guidingthepolitenesswhichcolorseverydaylife.•Letpeopleshowrespectorbepolitetoothers.礼Propriety/Etiquette•InConfucianism,theactsofeverydaylifeareconsideredrituals.•Ritualsarenotnecessarilyarbitrarypractices,buttheroutinesthatpeopleoftenengagein,knowinglyorunknowingly,duringthenormalcourseoftheirlives.礼Propriety/Etiquette•Shapingtheritualsinawaythatleadstoacontentandhealthysociety,andtocontentandhealthypeople,isonepurposeofConfucianphilosophy.WisdomknowledgeIntegrityHonesty孝FilialPiety•Thegreatestofvirtuesandmustbeshowntowardsboththelivingandthedead(includingevenremoteancestors);•Therespectofachildforhisparents;•Thisrespectforparentsbychildrencarriedonevenafterthedeathoftheparentsthroughsacrificesandancestorworship.孝FilialPiety•Thetermfilial(meaningofachild)characterizestherespectthatachild,originallyason,shouldshowtohisparents.孝FilialPiety•TheideaofFilialpietyinfluencedtheChineselegalsystem,•acriminalwouldbepunishedmoreharshlyiftheculprithadcommittedthecrimeagainstaparent,whilefathersoftenexercisedenormouspowerovertheirchildren.•Nowfilialpietyisalsobuiltintolaw.•Peoplehavetheresponsibilitytoprovidefortheirelderlyparentsaccordingtothelaw.孝FilialPiety•FilialpietyhascontinuedtoplayacentralroleinConfucianthinkingtothepresentday.•父母在，不远游，游必有方。•Whilehisparentsarealive,thesonmaynotgoabroadtoadistance.Ifhedoesgoabroad,hemusthaveafixedplacetowhichhegoes.忠Loyalty•Theequivalentoffilialpietyonadifferentplane.•ItisparticularlyrelevantforthesocialclasstowhichmostofConfucius'studentsbelonged,b