EnglishLetterWritingBusinessLetters/SocialLetter:FormalPersonalLetters:informalFivePrinciples/Cs:Correctness,Clarity,Courtesy,ConcisenessandConsideration.TypesofEnglishLetters1.PersonalLetters1.1家信1.2友情信1.3情书1.4约会信1.5求爱信1.6婉拒信FamilyLettersFriendlyLettersLoveLettersDateLettersWooer’sLettersLettersofTactfullyRefusing2Social/BusinessLetters2.1邀请信2.2感谢信2.3祝贺信2.4吊唁信2.5慰问信2.6推荐信LettersofInvitationLettersofThanksLettersofCongratulationLettersofCondolenceLettersofConsolationLettersofRecommendation2.7求学信2.8求职信2.9录取信2.10录用信2.11雇佣信2.12辞职信2.13咨询信ApplicationLettersforStudyingAbroadLettersofadmissionLettersofApplicationforaPostLettersforTrialEmploymentLettersofEmploymentLettersofResignationLettersofInquiry2.14请求信2.15求助信2.16道歉信2.17赠礼信2.18购物信2.19规劝信2.20通知信LettersofRequestLettersofAskingforHelpLettersofApologiesLettersofSendingGiftsLettersofPurchasingLettersofAdviceLettersofInformationI.LayoutandConventionsofLetterWritingConventionsofletterwriting,likefashion,maychangeovertheyears.Buttherearesomethatcanberegardedasrules——theyareunlikelytochange,ifever,foraverylongtime.Beforewego,pleaseconsiderthefollowingquestionsfirst:a)WhatarethecomponentsofanEnglishletter?Howtheyarenormallylaidout?b)Howdoesbusinesslettersdifferfrompersonalletters,inlayoutandinlanguage?c)DoyouknowthedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishinletterwritingconventions?发信人地址(Heading)发信日期(Date)收信人姓名(Name)地址(InsideAddress)称呼语(Salutation)...…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………结束语(ComplimentaryClose)署名(Signature)职称(Title)附件(Enclosure)附言(Postscript)1.1IndentiedForm(缩进式)BODYOFTHELETTERHeadingDateInsideAddressSalutationComplimentaryCloseSignature1.2BlockedForm(齐头式)PARAGRAPH1PARAGRAPH2PARAGRAPH3发信人地址(Heading)发信日期(Date)收信人姓名地址(InsideAddress)称呼语(Salutation)...…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………结束语(ComplimentaryClose)署名(Signature)附件(Enclosure)附言(Postscript)BCC(保密抄送)1.3ModifiedForm(折中式,混合式)1.信头(TheHead)204GoldfishlaneNanjingRoadHepingDistrictTianjin,210000ChinaMay8,1987ChinaInternationalTravelServiceBeijing,100000ChinaJuly6,1996278GreenSt.FreedomCity,Ohio57632USAAug.18,1995一般来说,门牌号和街道号之间不用逗号隔开,但城市名称和国家名称之间要有逗号。在西方国家,城市名称之后往往写有字母或数字(如London,SW367)表示城区的邮政编码。这样标明,便于邮局分信和投递,避免差错。2.内文地址(InsideAddress)内文地址包括收信人的姓名和地址,写在信纸的左上角。从信纸的左边顶格写起,低于发信日期一到二行,其用词和格式和信封上的完全一样,也分并列式和斜列式两种。书写的次序为:先写姓名和头衔,再写地址。行末是否用标点,应与信头一致。如:British(,)AmericanProfessorWilliamGreen,NewYorkUniversity,NewYork,U.S.A.MissZhangLili303Domitory4TianjinUniversityTianjin,China现在,在非常熟悉的亲朋好友之间,信内的这部分可免写。33.称呼(Salutation)称呼是对收信人的称谓语:一般位于内文地址以下两行,从左边顶格写,占一行,末尾用逗号(美国和加拿大人多用冒号)。事务性书信的称呼后面一般要用冒号。常用的敬语如下:对不熟悉的男人用:DearSir,DearSirs,或MydearSir.对不熟悉的女人用:DearMadam或MydearMadam.也可用DearLadies.对熟悉男女用:DearMr.+姓,DearMrs.+姓,DearMiss+姓对和熟悉的男女用:Mydear+名(如MydearTom),DearDady,DearMama,DearUncle,DearBrother…另外在英国,需要注意的是,特别是在交际的信件中,偶尔也有用Esq.的。Esq.是Esquire的缩写,也是“先生”的意思,用在姓氏和名字的后面,其前面可有逗号,也可无。例如:JamesWest对的称呼,应该是:JamesWest,Esq.。对外公事函件中,收信人的称呼可用Gentlemen(注意不可用Gentleman),DearSir(s)等。Gentlemen之前不可加Dear,后面也不可带姓名。用Sirs时,前面常有Dear一词,但也单独用Sir。4.正文(TheMainBody)正文即写信人要向对方说的话,是书信的主体部分。正文从称呼下方隔一行开始,第一个字母应向右缩进四至六个字母,下一行与称呼语的第一个字母取齐。5.结束语(ComplimentaryClose)结束语是写信人表示自己对收信人的一种谦称,只占一行,低于正文一、二行,从信纸中间稍右的地方开始写。第一个词的开头字母要大写,末尾用逗号,不同的通讯关系用不同的结束语,例如:1)用于上级、长者Your(very)respectfully,(Very)Respectfullyyours,Yours(very)obediently,(Very)obedientlyyours,Yoursgratefully…2)用于机关、团体或不相识的人Yours(very)truly,(Very)trulyyours,Yours(very)faithfully,(Very)faithfullyyours,Yours(very)sincerely…(3)用于一般熟人或朋友Yours,Yoursever,Everyours,Yoursaffectionately,Asever,Yoursasever,Yourssincerely(cordially),Always(sincerely)yours,Cordially,YoursFaithfully,Yoursfraternally…(4)用于亲属或挚友Yoursaffectionately,Lovingyours,(Much)Love,Withlove,Yourlovingson(child,sister,nephew,niece,grandmother),Yourmostaffectionate,Yourdevotedfriend….要注意Yours不可写成Your。在欧洲一些国家里,多用Yourssincerely等形式,Yours放在sincerely前面。美国和加拿大等国则多用Sincerelyyours等形式,把yours放在sincerely后。6.签名(Signature)信末的签名一般低于结束用语一二行,从信纸中间偏右的地方开始。如果使用打字机,一般空出一行,再打名字,空的那行供手签名用。手签名主要是使收信人相信信件是真实的。如写信人是女性,又与收信人不相识,则往往在署名前用括号注上Miss,Mrs.或Ms.,以便对方回信时知道如何称呼。有的还在署名之后写上自己的职称或头衔。例如:Yourstruly;(Signature)(Ms.)EllenButlerProfessorofEnglishYoursveryfaithfully,P.P.TheNationalTradingCo.(Signature)CharlesSmithManagingDirector7.附件(Enclosure)如果信的正文谈到有附件要寄,则应在左下角注明Encl.或Enc.。如附件不止一个,则应写上2(或3,4等)。例如:Encls.:3invoices附发票三张Enc:Doctor’sCertificate附医生证明一张Encl.:Acopyofmyresume附简历一份8.附言(Postscript)附言部分用于补充遗漏的话,一般应少用,郑重的函件更应避免使用。二.英文书信实例(说明:这封信是一个美国大学生学生写给西南交通大学外事处的一封真实信件,信的格式及其内容没做任何的改动。)TheGraduateSchoolHawaiiUniversityP.O.Box553Hawaii,U.S.AJuly25,1999ForeignAffairsOfficeSouthwestJiaotongUniversityChengdu,SichuanProvinceP.R.ChinaDearSirs,IamagraduatestudentattheGraduateSchoolofHawaiiUniversityconcentratingmystudiesonthePeople'sRepublicofChina.Upongraduation,IwouldliketocometoyourcountryasanEnglishinstructorortutoratyouruniversity.IhavebeenstudyingtheChineselanguageandcultureforthepasttenmonthsandwillcontinuetodosountilmygraduationinAugustof2000.IwouldthenliketocontinuemystudiesinChinaas