[ppt课件]UK Education 英国教育

BritishEducationEducationisavitalconcernthroughoutBritainbecauseahighlydevelopednationdependsuponeducatedprofessionalsandaskilledworkforce.TheliteracyrateinBritainisoneofthehighestintheworldatover99percent.EducationSystemBasicEducationSecondaryEducationUniversities&CollegesHigherEducationElementaryEducationStateElementaryEducationPublicElementaryEducationAges:5-11Ages:3-13Kindergarten/NurserySchools:3-5Infants’school/FirstSchool:5-7JuniorSchool:7-11Co-educationalThreetermswithholidaysatChristmas,Easter,summerKindergarten/NurserySchools:3-5PrivateSchool:5-7/8PreSchool:7/8-13AnInfants’SchoolCampusAprivateSchoolCampusSecondaryEducationStateschoolsIndependentschoolsComprehensiveSchoolsGrammarSchoolsSecondarymodernSchoolsPublicschoolsGrammarschools•TheoldestschoolsintheUK(Shakespeare)•ReservedforstudentswhogothighmarksintheElevenPlusexaminationorselectedbyothermeans•Concernedwiththebusinessofgettingreadyfortheexaminations•SomeareacademicallyamongthebestschoolsinEngland.DistributionofgrammarschoolsintheUK.ManchesterGrammarSchool,themostfamousofthedirectgrantgrammarschoolsComprehensivesecondaryschools•Acomprehensiveschoolisasecondaryschoolorstateschoolforchildrenfromtheageof11toatleast16thatdoesnotselectchildrenonthebasisofacademicachievementoraptitude.•Subjectslearned•Examinationsbeforegraduation–OLevel/AlevelSecondarymodernschools•Designedforthemajorityofpupils----thosewhodonotachievescoresinthetop25%oftheelevenplusexamination.•Teachersarefreetodeveloptheirownideas,dependingontheequipmentandthequalifications.WetherbyHighSchool,atypicalsecondarymodernschoolinWetherby,WestYorkshireFourmostfamouspublicschoolsEtonCollegeHarrowSchoolWinchesterCollegeRugbySchoolEtonCollegeisaprivatesecondaryschoolinBerkshireCountyinsouthernEngland.ThepreparatoryschoolwasfoundedbyKingHenryVIin1440.AstatueofHenryVIstandsinthecourtyardofthecollege.EtonCollegeIn1591Lyondrewupthestatutesoftheinstitution,providingforthefreeeducationof40boysoftheHarrowparish,andlefttwo-thirdsofhisfortunetotheschoolwhenhedied.In1615pupilswereadmittedtothefirstcompletedbuilding,whichisstillinuse.HarrowSchool,institutionofsecondaryandhighereducation,inHarrowontheHill,nowapartofgreaterLondon.Thelatemedievalschoolwasre-endowedin1572byJohnLyon.WinchesterCollegeisawell-knownboys'independentschool,inthecityofWinchesterinHampshireandiscommonlyconsideredtobeamongstthemostacademicofallschoolsintheUnitedKingdom.RugbySchool,locatedinthetownofRugby,Warwickshire,isoneoftheoldestpublicschoolsinEnglandandisoneoftheco-educationalboardingschoolsinthecountry.Twofactorspublicschoolsemphasizes•Thestudyofclassicsandscience•Thedevelopmentofwhatiscalled“character”AristocraticinfluenceTheneedsofthebourgeoisieUniversities&CollegesHigherEducationUniversities1.OldUniversities2.FourScottishUniversities3.Middle-ageduniversities4.Newuniversities5.OpenUniversity&oneindependentuniversityPolytechnicsandcollegesforspecialstudentsOlduniversities(1)OxfordOXFORDUNIVERSITY•CollegesanduniversitybuildingsarescatteredaboutthecitynamedOxford;•Twowaystocarryoutteaching–Lecturesorganizedbytheuniversity–Tutorialsystem:anindividualtuitionsystem(chieffoundationfortheuniversity’sgreatness)Studenttutorialsaregenerallymoreacademicallychallengingandrigorousthanstandardlectureandtestformatcourses,becauseduringeachsessionstudentsareexpectedtoorallycommunicate,defend,analyze,andcritiquetheideasofothersandtheirowninconversationswiththeprofessorandfellow-students.Asapedagogicmodel,thetutorialsystemhasgreatvaluebecauseitcreateslearningandassessmentopportunitieswhicharehighlyauthenticanddifficulttofakeStudentsattheUniversityofOxfordinOxford,England,preparetoreceivetheiracademicdegrees.Thesashesoftheirgownsarelinedwithdifferentcolorsofsilk,designatingeachstudent’srespectivecollegeorfieldofstudy.OxfordGraduationCAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYFoundedinthe13thcentury,CambridgeUniversityisoneoftheoldesteducationalinstitutionsinEuropeandoneofthemostprestigiousuniversitiesintheworld.Thispicturesquetown,builtwhereanancientbridgecrossedtheRiverCam(Cam-Bridge),isbestknownforitsuniversity.Ox-BridgeThistermisnowusedtorefertothemcollectively,oftenwithimplicationsoftheirsuperiorintellectualorsocialstatus.CollegesystemTutorialsystem