搜索
单项填空题解题指导（二）单项填空干扰点的命题设计及解题窍门（二）干扰之三：添加冗余信息命题人在设置题干时添加一些冗余信息，使句子结构显得复杂，以考查考生能否分清主次，造成考生难于准确定位。例如：1.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,_____visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.(2004北京卷)A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe(此题考查的是主谓一致，命题人有意在主语theteacher后加了一个插入成分with6girlsand…)2.Johnplaysfootball_____，ifnotbetterthan，David．AaswellB．aswellasC．sowellD．wellas(句中ifnotbetterthan也是插入语)解题诀窍：化简法居高临下，找出主干，将题干中的枝蔓如插入语、状语、后置定语等成分删除掉，排除其干扰，使臃肿的句子简单化，使试题的测试目标更为明确化。再如：3.Theoldscientistmadeanothergreatdiscovery，____ofgreatimportancetoscience．A．whichIthinkB．whichIthinkisC．whichIthinkitisD．Ithinkwhichis(选项中的Ithink可视为插入成分，将其删去则正确答案一目了然。)4.Weshoulddomoresuchexercisesinthefuture，Ithink，_____thosewedidyesterday．A．asB．likeC．aboutD．than(其实此句的主干就是…domoreexercisesthanthosewedid…,such,inthefuture,Ithink等都是冗余的干扰信息。)干扰之四：利用汉英差异英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不同，命题者常利用汉英差异出题。如汉语的“参加”在许多情况下都适用，如参加会议，参加考试，参加解放军等，而在英语中则因不同的宾语用不同的动词，如:takepartinthecelebration,attendameeting,jointhearmy,takeanexam,joininadiscussion例如：1.–It’sgettinglate.I'mafraidImustbegoingnow.-OK.______.（2004全国卷）Ａ．TakeiteasyB.GoslowlyC.StaylongerD.Seeyou2.Happybirthday,Alice!Soyouhavetwenty-onealready!(2004天津卷)A.becomeB.turnedC.grownD.passed(按照中国人习惯，同学们可能要选Ｂ或Ｃ，而正确选项是：＿＿＿．)(按照中国人习惯，同学们可能要选Ｃ或Ｄ，而正确选项是：＿＿＿．)３Mr.Smithusedtosmokebuthehasgivenitup.(2004天津卷)A.seriouslyB.heavilyC.badlyD.hardly４.---What’smadeTommysoupset?---Ibelieve____thegame.Itshockedhimsomuch.A.forlosingB.lostC.losingD.becauseoflosing(按照汉语习惯，同学们可能要选A或Ｃ，而正确选项是：＿＿＿．)(按照汉语习惯，同学们可能要选A或Ｄ，而正确选项是：＿＿，因为what是对主语提问．回答部分也应该是名词性短语losingthegame.)解题诀窍：留心英汉表达差异平时要多读多比较多归纳，尽量避免Chinglish。请你试试看：5.Iwonder______thiscarbelongsto?A.whoseB.whomC.whomdoesD.whodoes6.Thepriceofvegetablesisnowmuch_____thantenyearsago．A.morehigherB．moreexpensiveC．dearerD．higher7.ThepopulationofChinais_____thanthatofRussia.A.muchmoreB.muchlargerC.manymoreD.manylarger8.Therewasonceacruelking_____inthecastle.A.livedB.wholivesC.waslivingD.living请你试试看：Key：７.８．干扰之五：利用题干惯性此种类型的题多以对话形式出现，学生答题往往会借助原题干的动词时态和结构等来判断选项，结果造成错选。例如：1.Fewpleasurescanequal＿＿ofacooldrinkonahotday.(1999全国卷)A.someB.anyC.thatD.those2.－Alice.youfeedthebirdtoday,＿＿＿＿＿?－ButIfedityesterday.(1999全国卷)A.doyouB.willyouC.didn'tyouD.don'tyou（此句的意思比较清楚：“没有什么快乐能比得上在大热天里喝上一杯冷饮那么惬意”，但同学们在选答时却往往错选D，因为前面有复数名词pleasures，其实acooldrink是单数，指一件事，故正确选项是_____。）（此题受题干影响同学们在选答时会错选错选D，因为前面有youfeed…，其实前句并非陈述句而是一个祈使句，故正确选项是_____。）3.--Youhaven'tbeentoBeijing,haveyou?--_____.HowIwishtogothere!A.Yes,IhaveB.Yes,Ihaven'tC.No,IhaveD.No,Ihaven't4.—Don'tforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow．—_____．A．Idon'tB．Iwon'tC．IcannotD．Ihaven't（受题干问话惯性和汉语影响，同学们很容易错选B,其实在英语里无论肯定问句还是否定问句，回答都须根据事实回答，且简略回答要前后一致，故正确选项是_____。）（因为前面有Don’tforget…，同学们受惯性影响在选答时会错选A，而正确选项是_____，“我不会的”）解题诀窍：1）补全对话；2）分清角色由于这种试题多出现在对话题中，答语往往较简洁，多有省略，拿不准时应将答语补充完整。另外要分清问答语气不同所使用的情态动词也不同，注意汉英不同习惯的表达。例如：5..—Wouldyoulendmeyourpenforawhile？—Certainly．I_____．A．wouldB．shouldC．WillD．shall(用would提问征求对方意见是为了表示礼貌，语气委婉，但回答用would就显得语气不肯定了，所以应选)6.—HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?—Ihavenoidea.He______itthismorning.(2004全国卷)A.didB.hasdoneC.wasdoingD.haddone7.--Youhaven'tlosttheticket,haveyou?--______.Iknowit'snoteasytogetanotheroneatthemoment.（2004江苏卷）A.IhopenotB.Yes,IhaveC.IhopesoD.Yes,I’mafraidso8.—Iwonderifyourwifewillgototheball．—Ifyourwifedoes，so_____mine．A．isB.doC．doesD．Will9.—ShallItellJohnaboutit？—No，you_____，I'vetoldhimalready．A．needn'tB．won'tC．mustn'tD．shan't请你试试看：10.Bill’saimistoinformtheviewersthatcigaretteadvertisingonTVisillegal(不合法的),_______?(2004上海）A.isn’titB.isitC.isn’theD.ishe11.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear，80%aresoldabroad.(2004辽宁)A．ofwhichB．whichofC．ofthemD．oftheshoes请你试试看：Key:10.11.干扰之六：利用形近义近把相似、相近的词语或结构放在一起作为干扰选项，使基础知识掌握不牢的考生难于区分。例如：1.I’dliketobuyahouse—modern,comfortable,and_______inaquietneighborhood.（2004福建）A．inallB．aboveallC．afterallD．atall2.—HowdoyouwegotoBeijingforourholidays?—Ithinkwe’dbetterflythere.It’smuchmorecomfortable.A．insistB．wantC．supposeD．suggestKey：1.2.3.1.ThefilmsmadebyDisney______allovertheworld.A．areusedtoshowB．areusedtoshowingC．usedtobeshownD．usedtoshow4.MrBlack_____hiswifetoteachtheirchildalesson．Sohedid．A．promisedB．persuadedC．wantedD．told解题诀窍：1）明确词意所选答案要符合句子意思；2）归纳比较平时要特别重视收集归纳比较同义词、近义词和相似词的异同，牢记它们的用法。再如：5.Howabouteighto'clockoutsidethecinema?-That_______mefine.（2004全国卷）A.fitsB.meetsC.satisfiesD.suits6.Youcantakeanythingfromtheshelfandread,butplease___thebookswhenyou'vefinishedwiththem.（2004全国卷）A.putonB.putdownC.putbackD.putoff7.Heasinhospitalforsixmonths．Hefeltasifhewas_____fromtheoutsideworld．（2004全国春季卷）A.cutout．B.cutoffC.cutupD.cutthrough8.Amanisbeingquestionedinrelationtothe______murderlastnight.(2004江苏卷)A.advisedB.attendedC.attemptedD.admittedKey：5.6.7.8.9.－DoyouthinktheStarswillbeattheBulls?－Yes.Theyhavebetterplayers,soI＿＿themtowin.A.hopeB.preferC.expectD.want10．Herparents_____hertakingsomeexercisebutwithoutresult．A.suggestedB.persuadedC.advisedD.wished11．—Isupposeallthestudentswenttothemuseumthisafternoon.—I’mafraidnot.Theywenttothenetbarinstead.A．almostB．nearlyC.mostlyD．mostKey：9.10.11.1.Theprice＿＿,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.（1