我国玉米产量潜力提升过程研究初报-谢瑞芝

我国玉米产量潜力提升过程研究初报谢瑞芝中国农科院作物科学研究所2011年8月15日2011年第十二届玉米栽培学组学术研讨会汇报提纲研究背景研究思路研究进展小结研究背景02000400060008000100001200014000160001800019451955196519751985199520052015年份总产（×104t）种植面积（×105亩）050100150200250300350400单产（kg/亩）总产量播种面积亩产我国玉米单产、总产及播种面积变化动态玉米生产技术的发展与演变李少昆，2008研究思路创造不同产量水平的玉米群体不同时期代表性品种白鹤、英粒子、吉单101、四单8号、中单2号、丹玉13、掖单13、吉单180、郑单958、先玉335、农华101N肥水平(kg/hm2)0、150、225、300种植密度(株/hm2)15000、37500、52500、67500、82500汇报提纲研究背景研究思路研究进展小结产量表现0100200300400500600700800白鹤吉单101中单2号掖单13郑单958先玉335品种Yield（kg/667m2）2009年2010年2009年2010年52500株/hm202000400060008000100001200014000yield(kg/hm2)低肥中肥高肥37500株/hm2010002000300040005000600070008000900010000yield(kg/hm2)低肥中肥高肥67500株/hm202000400060008000100001200014000yield(kg/hm2)低肥中肥高肥82500株/hm20200040006000800010000120001400016000白鹤吉单101中单2号掖单13郑单958先玉335yield(kg/hm2)低肥中肥高肥52500株/hm202000400060008000100001200014000yield(kg/hm2)无肥低肥中肥高肥37500株/hm2010002000300040005000600070008000900010000yield(kg/hm2)无肥低肥中肥高肥67500株/hm202000400060008000100001200014000yield(kg/hm2)无肥低肥中肥高肥82500株/hm20200040006000800010000120001400016000白鹤吉单101中单2号掖单13郑单958先玉335yield(kg/hm2)无肥低肥中肥高肥肥料对产量的影响2010年2009年种植密度对产量的影响高肥02000400060008000100001200014000yiled(kg/hm2)37500株/hm²52500株/hm²67500株/hm²82500株/hm²中肥02000400060008000100001200014000yiled(kg/hm2)37500株/hm²52500株/hm²67500株/hm²82500株/hm²低肥02000400060008000100001200014000白鹤吉单101中单2号掖单13郑单958先玉335yiled(kg/hm2)37500株/hm²52500株/hm²67500株/hm²82500株/hm²高肥02000400060008000100001200014000yiled(kg/hm2)37500株/hm²52500株/hm²67500株/hm²82500株/hm²中肥02000400060008000100001200014000yiled(kg/hm2)37500株/hm²52500株/hm²67500株/hm²82500株/hm²低肥020004000600080001000012000白鹤吉单101中单2号掖单13郑单958先玉335yiled(kg/hm2)37500株/hm²52500株/hm²67500株/hm²82500株/hm²无肥010002000300040005000600070008000900010000白鹤吉单101中单2号掖单13郑单958先玉335yiled(kg/hm2)37500株/hm²52500株/hm²67500株/hm²82500株/hm²400055007000850010000115001300019401950196019701980199020002010YearofintroductionYield（kg/ha）82500plants/ha52500plants/ha67500plants/ha37500plants/haBHJD101ZD2YD13ZD958XY335种植密度对不同产量潜力品种产量的影响单株生产能力对种植密度的响应2040608010015000350005500075000种植密度（株/公顷）百分比（%）白鹤吉单101郑单958先玉335单株生产能力外界环境压力Duvick,D.N.(1992).GeneticcontributionstoadvancesinyieldofU.S.maize.Maydica37,69-79.Tollenaar,M.(2002).Yieldpotential,yeildstabilityandstresstoleranceinmaize.Fieldcropsresearch75,161-169.Duvick,D.N.(2005).Thecontributionsofbreedingtoyieldadvancesinmaize.AdvancesinAgronomy86,83-145.25%75%Geneticsvs.Agronomy350050006500800095001100012500140001550001234567Yield（kg/ha）300kg/ha，82500plants/ha225kg/ha，67500plants/ha150kg/ha，37500plants/ha0kg/ha，37500plants/haA'AECB'BDFBHJD101ZD2YD13ZD958XY335O遗传增益其他增益农艺增益在当前生产水平下（225kg/ha和67500plants/ha），遗传增益为45.37%，农业措施的贡献为30.94%，品种×农艺措施交互的贡献为23.69%。互作增益350050006500800095001100012500140001550001234567Yield（kg/ha）300kg/ha，82500plants/ha225kg/ha，67500plants/ha150kg/ha，37500plants/ha0kg/ha，37500plants/haA'AECB'BDFBHJD101ZD2YD13ZD958XY335O遗传增益其他增益农艺增益互作增益在高产管理水平下（300kg/ha和82500plants/ha），遗传增益为31.30%，农艺措施的贡献为36.23%，品种与农艺措施交互作用的贡献为32.47%。植株的干物质积累与分配2009年2010年伴随产量提升的是物质积累量的增加，但不同产量潜力的品种物质积累与分配特征也不尽相同。2009年051015202530白鹤吉单101中单2号掖单13郑单958先玉335物质质量（×103kg/hm2）收获期花前花后籽粒2010年051015202530白鹤吉单101中单2号掖单13郑单958先玉335物质质量（×103kg/hm2）收获期花前花后籽粒研究进展物质积累与分配花前/花后物质积累的比例2010年0.0010.0020.0030.0040.0050.0060.0070.00白鹤吉单101中单2号掖单13郑单958先玉335品种百分比（%）花前花后线性(花后)线性(花前)2009年0.0010.0020.0030.0040.0050.0060.0070.00白鹤吉单101中单2号掖单13郑单958先玉335品种百分比（%）花前花后线性(花后)线性(花前)白鹤白鹤吉单101白鹤吉单101中单2号白鹤丹玉13吉单101中单2号白鹤丹玉13吉单101中单2号掖单13掖单13郑单958掖单13郑单958先玉335掖单13郑单958先玉335农华101掖单13郑单958先玉335农华101叶片数处理123456789101112131415161718192021高肥叶长6.014.420.425.833.444.159.972.283.290.892.597.295.293.690.287.882.674.164.653.331.0叶宽1.51.41.92.93.94.97.37.99.19.49.310.010.010.410.110.410.19.68.97.86.3功能期19242632465663697782中肥叶长7.514.120.627.338.347.259.771.882.390.493.195.092.891..387.683.973.672.063.148.027.5叶宽1.51.62.13.04.35.36.98.28.89.09.89.89.910.09.69.59.08.98.27.05.5功能期1921243243515763737784低肥叶长5.612.518.923.334.444.952.565.876.384.289.191.991.690.085.279.978.970.060.347.327.4叶宽1.51.51.92.93.95.46.97.98.48.69.09.69.79.69.69.39.28.97.96.95.2功能期192124294049546067717679零肥叶长5.512.918.525.133.444.852.264.374.284.286.587.290.287.282.879.974.666.057.043.626.1叶宽1.51.52.02.94.15.26.87.48.38.78.99.49.59.210.19.39.38.57.47.05.2功能期18202125344345515459667180冠层结构肥料施用对叶片大小及功能期的影响叶片数处理12345678910111213141516171819202137500plants/ha叶长7.316.021.127.637.948.462.371.883.791.493.398.498.295.892.187.582.776.460.354.826.0叶宽1.51.52.33.24.35.97.48.39.19.610.210.410.510.410.110.310.19.78.77.75.3功能期2021243244556068768152500plants/ha叶长5.412.519.525.534.444.156.368.778.687.792.092.190.489.086.984.780.873.664.747.032.9叶宽1.51.41.92.94.25.16.57.78.38.99.39.99.910.010.110.09.79.38.77.65.5功能期212124324351576371778467500plants/ha叶长6.112.318.926.334.145.448.867.977.486.388.091.191.890.685.681.474.867.860.046.925.1叶宽1.51.51.92.83.94.96.97.98.58.89.19.39.59.79.99.48.98.98.46.95.0功能期19212327384653576569737982500plants/ha叶长5.913.118.922.033.043.157.067.776.384.088.089.889.485.681.277.971.465.360.043.528.0叶宽1.51.51.82.