动词-ing形式作定语和状语

概念引入Doyouknowtheboyplayingbasketball?你认识那个正在打篮球的男孩儿吗？Theylivedinahousefacingsouth.他住在一所朝南的房里里Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿。Havingmadefullpreparations,wearereadyfortheexamination.我们已经作好充分准备了，现在可以考试了。用法讲解V-ing形式V-ing形式由“do＋ing”构成,其否定形式是“notdoing”,V-ing可以带宾语或状语构成V-ing短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。现在分词作定语现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前,说明其修饰名词的性质或特征,表示“供作…之用”和“…的”。awalkingstick(astickusedforwalking)drinkingwater(waterfordrinking)awaitingroom(aroomforwaiting)workingpeopletherisingsun分词是短语形式,应放在所修饰的名词后,相当于一个定语从句。Theyarevisitorscomingfromseveralcountries.whocomefromseveralcountries.ThreedayslaterIreceivedaletterofferingmethejob.whichofferedmethejob.Thegirlstandingthereismyclassmate.whostandsthere现在分词作状语现在分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语,分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系,否则不能用现在分词作状语。但要注意它的各种形式变化:完成式主动形式被动形式一般式V-ingbeingV-ed完成式havingV-edhavingbeenV-ede.g.Hearingthebell,thestudentsbegantoentertheclassroom.听见铃声,学生们开始走进教室。(听见和进入两个动作同时发生)Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewlibrary.现在正在建造的这栋楼房是我们的新图书馆。(beingbuilt为现在分词的被动形式,表示动作正在进行之中)Havingdonethework,hewenthome.完成了工作,他就回家了。现在分词在句中作状语,修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。现在分词一般不用作表目的地状语(通常用不定式表目的地状语)。1)表时间状语Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.)Waitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.(=Whilewaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.)2)表原因状语Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.(=ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.)既然你是一个学生,你就应该努力学习。Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.(=Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudyhard.)由于想到它或许在家,所以我就给他打了电话。Thinkinghemightbeathome,Icalledhim.(AsIthoughthemightbeathome,Icalledhim.)3)表方式、伴随情况的状语:作伴随状语的分词表示的动作,必须是主语的一个动作,或是与谓语所表示的动作(或状态)同时发生,或是对谓语表示的动词(或状态)作进一步地补充说明。e.g.Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.(=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.)他们笑着谈着走进了教室。Laughingandtalking,theywentintotheclassroom.他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.(＝Hestoodandleanedagainstthewall.)4)表结果e.g.Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.(=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.)全国到处在传唱这首歌曲,使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。Thesongissungalloverthecountry,makingitthemostpopularsong.5)表条件Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.(=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.)一直往前走,你就会看到一座白色地房子。Walkingahead,youwillseeawhitehouse.6)与逻辑主语构成独立主格:Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyheard．我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习。有时也可用with(without)+名词(代词宾格)+分词形式。Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.他点着灯睡着了。7)作独立成分:Judgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbeanactor.从外表看,他一定是个演员。-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别。-ing形式作定语用时，其动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生，而动词不定式作定语时，其动作一般发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之后。如：ThegirlwritingalettertherecanspeakEnglishverywell.Ihavethreeletterstowrite.-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别。（1）不定式作宾补时，其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，如：Ihavetoldthemtocomeagaintomorrow.（2）在see,watch,hear,feel等之后，如果用-ing形式作宾补，表示没有听到或看到动作的结束；而用不带to的不定式作宾补时，不定式表示听到或看到了动作的结束。如：Ihearhersingingintheroom.Ihearhersingintheroom.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别。-ing形式在句中作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况，而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时，一般是作目的或结果状语，如：Notreceivinghisletter,Iwrotetohimagain.Ilookedintothewindowtoseewhatwasgoingoninside.巩固练习完成句子1.Theteachermixedthreedifferentliquids,___________(结果发现混合物呈现出红色).(find)2.Theleaderstayedupallthenight,___________(思考第二天做什么).(think)3._____________(挨了批评以后)byhisclassmates,hedidn’tgototheinternetbartoplaycomputergamesanymore.(criticize)4._____________(由于年龄太小)，LiMingcan’tjointheparty.(young)5.Becareful____________(过街时)。（cross）6.Theboy____________(躺在地上的)isastudent.(lie)7.___________(没收到答复)，hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.(receive)8.____________(由于看不见)，howcouldtheyseeanelephant?(blind)9._____________(从学校回到家)，Iwasfilledwithexcitement.(come)10.Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand____________(不超过四十磅)mustbeinachildsafetyseat.(weigh)单项选择1.Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy______anythingthathappenedtobeon.A．towatchB．watchingC．watchedD．tohavewatched2.AterribleearthquakewithtsunamihappenedinJapan,morethan10,000deaths.A．causingB．tocauseC．causedD．havingcaused3.The2011InternationalUniversityGamesinShenzhennowappealstoalotofpeopleacrosstheworld.A．heldB．isbeingheldC．beingheldD．tobeheld4.Therarefish,______fromthecookingpot,hasbeenreturnedtothesea.A．savedB．savingC．tobesavedD．havingsaved5.MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,_____itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.A．makingB．madeC．tomakeD．havingmade6._______thathewasingreatdanger,Ericwalkeddeeperintotheforest.A．NotrealizedB．NottorealizeC．NotrealizingD．Nottohaverealized7.Insteadof________sights,Edisonwouldspendthetime________inthepubliclibrary.A．seeing,toreadB．see,readC．tosee,toreadD．seeing,reading8.Theoldman,________abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.A．toworkB．workingC．tohaveworkedD．havingworked9.Though____money,theparentsofthetwinsmanagedtosendthemtouniversity.A．lackedB．lackingC．lackingofD．lackedin10.“XiJinping'sreport,”asmileonhisface,hecontinued,“_____toseveralhottopics,discusseshowtoincreasepeasants'income.”A．referringB．refersC．havingreferredD．referr