新编英语教程4-unit-2

ContentslDetailedstudyofTextIA,IB&IIlOralwork:•Role-play:showinganAmericantouristroundthecity;•Interactionactivities:thedifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishlGuidedwriting:•Basicwritingtechniques—expansionofideas(2)•Compositionwriting—exposition;•Letterwriting—letteraccompanyingapresentTextIAlPre-readingactivities•Whatdoesthetitlemeantoyou?•-Dialects•-Registers•-Thetitle“Englishes”(inthepluralform)referstothevarious/avarietyofstylesofEnglish.StylesofEnglish•TheFiveClocksbyMartinJoos(1962):•frozen,formal,consultative,casual,andintimate•Lookatthefollowingexample:•Frozen:Visitorsshouldmaketheirwayatoncetotheupperfloorbywayofthestaircase.•Formal:Visitorsshouldgoupthestairsatonce.•Consultative:Wouldyoumindgoingupstairsrightaway,please?•Casual:Timeyouallwentupstairs,now.•Intimate:upyougo,chaps.Moreexamples•A.“Fivescoreyearsage,agreatAmerican,inwhosesymbolicshadow,westandtoday,signedtheEmancipationProclamation.ThismomentousdecreecameasagreatbeaconoflightandhopetomillionsofNegroslaveswhohadbeensearedintheflamesofwitheringinjustice.Itcameasthejoyousdaybreaktoendthelongnightofcaptivity.•Butonehundredyearslater,theNegrostillisnotfree.Onehundredyearslater,thelifeoftheNegroisstillsadlycrippledbythemanacleofsegregationandthechainofdiscrimination.Onehundredyearslater,theNegrolivesonalonelyislandofpropertyinthemidstofavastoceanofmaterialprosperity.Onehundredyearslater,theNegroisstilllanguishinginthecornerofAmericansocietyandfindshimselfanexileinhisownland.Sowehavecomeheretodaytodramatizeashamefulcondition…”•(King,inRenshaw,1975)•Moreexamples•B.“IworkedinHarlemandEastHarlemforthreeyears.Therewasten,elevencopsandtheywereallblackguys.Iwastheonlywhitecop.Whentheysawmecomeintotheofficetheystartedlaughin’.‘Whatthefuckaretheysendin’youherefor?You’refuckin’dead.’Theytoldmetogetahelmetandhideontheroof.•“Myfather’sagreatman.Iseewhathewentthroughandtheshitandthehardtimes.Idon’tseehowhelivedthroughit.Iusedtolayawakewhenhewasdrinkin’andlistentohimtalkallnight.AndIusedtocry.Hetalkedabouttheshittin’war,allthemoneygoin’forwar.Andtheworkers’sonsaretheonesthatfightthesewars,right?Andpeoplethatgotnothin’toeat…Itellya,ifIdidn’thaveanincomecomin’in…Thesekidshangin’aroundhere,Irishkids,Italiankids,twenty-fiveyearsold,alcoholics,winos.Oneguydiedofexposure.Hewentoutwithmykidsisterandhe’sdeadnow.”•(Terkel,1974)•lWhile-readingactivities•-Listentothetapeforgeneralinfo•-Studythetextindetail•1.Themainideaofthestory:•AsthereisascaleofstylesintheuseofEnglish,itisnecessarytoknowhowtotellonestylefromanotherandhowtousedifferentstylesondifferentoccasionsappropriately.While-readingactivities•2.Thesupportingdetails:•Thewritertriestoexplaintothereaderthefollowing:•(1)TheexistenceofscaleofstylesinallouruseofEnglish.•(2)Thenecessityofhavingagoodknowledgeofthesestyles.•(3)Theimportanceofusingspecificstylesonspecificoccasions.While-readingactivities•3.Sentencecomprehension1)EachofusworksnotjustwithoneEnglishbutwithmanyEnglishes,…•2)Ahaphazardknowledgeofseveralstylesmaybeworsethanuselessifwedonotknowthetypeofoccasiononwhicheachisappropriate….•3)I’vehadbagsoffun.•4)..wemustnottireofinsisting…(becomeboredof)•5)…alazysubstituteforthought..,(acarelesslythoughtoutexpressiontobeusedforyourideas)•6)“Bagsoffun”isnomorealazy…forthisexpression.•7)Itistheheightofnaivetytogoroundwithasingleyardstick,measuringEnglishas“good”orbad”.•8)…manypeoplecannotwritethemwithouthavingaslightfeelingofguilt.•9)Butitwouldbeequallyridiculoustoreversethejudgmentjustasflatly.•10)Wedonotwantmerelypolitenoisesinareview.•11)…wouldstrikeusasjustright.4.Languagepoints•ascaleof—adifferentrangeof•e.g.ascaleofsocialclasses/wagesahaphazardknowledgeofseveralstyles—anunsystematic,disorganizedknowledgeofseveralstyles•e.g.Ahaphazardpolicy/answerisusuallywrong.•c.f.random,casual,chance,chancy,desultory,happy-go-lucky,hit-or-miss,etc.•Bagsoffunisnomore···thanis···:Theexpression“bagsoffun”isnotacarelesslythought-outexpressioninitspropersituation,justastheexpression“extremelygracious”isnotsoonitssuitableoccasion.•nomore···than=not···anymorethan:A与B都不…，B不…A也不•e.g.HeisnomoreagooddancerthanIam.•Iamnomoresatisfiedthansheis.•notmore···than:A+B都好•e.g.ShewasnotmorepleasedthanIwas.•Thisbookisnotmoreinterestingthanthatone.4.Languagepoints•condemn:toexpressstrongdisapprovalof/unfitforuseorservice/guiltyorsentencetopunishment•condemnsb.forsth.orcondemnsth.as···•e.g.Hewascondemnedforhisfoolishbehavior.•Themeatwascondemnedasunfitforhumanconsumption.•Themurdererwascondemnedtodeath.•c.f.criticize,blame,censure,denounce,etc.•themore…themore…•addresssb./address(n)•belabeled/called•Strikesb.as+adj./n.•e.g.Itstrikesmeasagoodidea.•Itstruckmeasoddatthetime.Post-readingactivitieslStudysomecommentsonthetext•a.TheexistenceofascaleofstylesinallouruseofEnglish.•b.Thenecessityofhavingagoodknowledgeofthesestyles,•c.theimportanceofusingspecificstylesonspecificoccasions•TextIBlPre-readingactivities•Euphemism•1.definition•--theuseofapleasant,lessdirectnameforsth.thoughttobeunpleasantinorderto“soften”theforceofanexpressionEuph