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Lesson40FoodandtalkPeoplewhogotoaformalWesterndinnerpartyforthefirsttimemaybesurprisedbytablemannersinWesternculture.Knowingthemwillhelpyoumakeagoodimpression.Havinggoodtablemannersmeansknowing,forexample,howtouseknivesandforks,whentodrinkatoastandtobehaveatthetable.Besideyournapkinyouwillfindasmallbreadrollandthreeglasses—oneforthewhitewine,onefortheredwine,andoneforthewater.Therearetwopairsofknivesandforksonthetable,forksontheleftandknivesontherightoftheplate.Whenyouseetwospoons,thebigoneisforthesoupandthesmalloneforthedessert.Whenyousitdownatthetable,youcantakeyournapkin,unfolditandputitonlap.•Newwordsandexpressions•hostessn.女主人unsmilingadj.不笑的，严肃的tightadj.紧身的•fixv.凝视globen.地球•despairn.绝望1hostessn.女主人hostn.男主人thehostnation东道国2unsmilingadj不笑的，严肃的un是否定前缀：unhappy,unsure,unlucky,uncomfortable,unsteadytightadj.紧身的Theladyinatightskirtisafashionmodel.adj.吝啬的Theoldmanistightwithmoney.tightenv.使变紧4.fixv.凝视；盯着fixat=stareat=gazeatThekidisfixingathisnewtoy.vt.固定，安装Shefixedahandleonthedoor.vt.修理Iamabletofixthecomputer.5.globlen.地球theglobevillage地球村globlaladj.全球的globalizev.全球化6.despairn.失望，绝望v.绝望，丧失信心indespair绝望地Shecriedindespair.Hedespairsofwinningascholarship.他已不抱赢得奖学金的希望了。n.globalizationLanguagepoints:1.ThehostessaskedmetositnexttoMrs.Rumbold.nextto在附近beside,by,closeto,near,nearby,etc.Themannexttomewasdrunktoomuch.坐在我旁边的那个男人喝太多。他们围着篝火在唱歌.Theysangsongsbythecampfire.2.Hereyeswerefixedonherplateandinashorttime,shewasbusyeating.•bebusywithsth忙于某事•bebusydoingsth忙于做某事•becarefulwithsth小心某事•becarefuldoingsth小心做某事Heisbusywashingclothes.Mybrotherisbusywithhishomework.3.Mrs.Rumboldwasalarge,unsmilingladyinatightblackdress.in在这里表示“穿什么衣服”(第17课学过)：Intheplay,shemustappearinabrightreddressandlongblackstockings.4.ShedidnotevenlookupwhenItookmyseatbesideher.takeaseat和takeone’sseat都表示“让某人坐下”，比sitdown更正式。5.Hereyeswerefixedonherplateandinashorttime,shewasbusyeating.Itriedtomakeconversation.划线部分变为主动语态：Shefixedhereyesontheplate.fixv.(1)修理,相当于repairImustgettheradiofixed.我必须请人把收音机修好。(2)使固定Hefixedthepictureonthewall.他把画固定在墙上。Thechairwasfixednexttothedesk.椅子被固定在桌子旁边。•(3)使…集中；盯着看•fixone’seyes/attentionon使…集中；盯着看；注意；注视•Shefixedhereyesontheclock.•她眼睛盯着钟看。•fixup安排；解决；给…安排住处•We’llhavetofixupatimetomeet.•我们必须安排一个时间见面。•We’vefixedupourlittledifferencessatisfactorily.我们已经圆满的解决了我们之间的小矛盾•I’llfixyouupforthenight.•今晚我会安排你住处的。▲makeconversation攀谈make&domakea)Make创造、制作;产生、生产Godmadetheworld.Breadismadefromflour.Don’tmakesomuchnoise.b)使役动词，表示“使/让”,“makesb/sthdo”：Thesunmakestheplantsgrow.c)作出（某种举动），和某些名词连用时，意义上等于相应的动词：makenodifferencemakeaneffortmakeareplymakeadecisionmakeprogressmakeconversationmakeapromisemakeaplanmakemoneymakeaspeechmakethebedmakeone’sfortunemaketroublemakeamistakemakeajourney/tripmakefriendsmakeupone’sminddoa)可以用来代替一些常用动词,如paint,study,wash,tidy,clean,comb,brush等，意思必须根据上下文内容和它的宾语来决定：dotheroomdothedishesdoone’shairdoone’snailsdoone’steethdoone’sbestdoone’sdutydosbafavourdooddjobsdobusinessdoapainting/portraitb)do(+some/the)+动名词dothecleaningdoshoppingdothewashing-updosomereading6.“Anewplayiscomingto‘TheGlobe’soon,”Isaid.“Willyoubeseeingit?”(1)用现在进行时来表示接近的未来，“即将”。WeareleavingforShanghaitomorrow.(2)用将来进行时来提问，尤其是提出问题但又不想迫使对方做出明确答复时，将来进行时可以显得比一般将来时will更委婉客气。7.Indespair,Iaskedherwhethershewasenjoyingherdinner.这里indespair是副词，表示“失望之中”。e.g.IspenthourstryingtofixtheTV,butgaveupindespair.我花了几个小时修电视机，但是失望地放弃了。8.‘Youngman,’sheanswered,‘ifyouatemoreandtalkedless,wewouldbothenjoyourdinner!’这里If所引导的条件句的为主用eat和talk的过去时ate和talked，表示所假设的事情是与现在的已知事实相反。（实际上作者是吃的少，说的多。）主句也用过去时态，表示一种虚拟语气。这个内容将在后面深入学习。1.atadinnerparty/ameeting/awedding/aconcert2.host/hostess3.nextto=beside4.lookup/lookfor/lookafter/lookaround/lookforwardto/lookout/lookoutof5.take/haveone’sseat/sitdown/beseated6.befixedon/upon7.bebusydoingsth./withsth.8.spendholidays9.indespair10.ifyouatemoreandtalkedless,wewouldbothenjoyourdinner.虚拟11.make与do的词组及区别Keystructures条件句if条件句可分为两类：1.真实条件句，即假设的情况是会发生；2.非真实条件句，表示的是假设的情况（1）与事实相反，（2）不可能发生或发生的可能性极小，谓语用虚拟语气。1.真实条件句从句主句一般现在时主+shall/will+v.原Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisbag.条件句2.非真实条件句（虚拟语气）(1)与现在事实相反从句主句一般过去时主+should/would+v.原Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpme.(2)与将来事实相反，或者将来不可能发生的从句主句一般过去时主+should/would+v.原Ifitsnowedtomorrowed,Iwouldstayathome.（3）与过去事实相反：从句主句过去完成时should/would+havedone•Ifhehadgotupearlier,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.•假如他早点起身的话，他本来能赶上那趟火车。1.Therice______ifyouhadbeenmorecareful.A.wouldnotbeburningB.wouldnotburnC.wouldnothaveburntD.wouldnotburnt2.Ifmylawyer____herelastSaturday,he______mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented3.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe______shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome4.______forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.A.IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.IfithadnotbeenD.Iftheyhavenot5.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe______inturn,you______sotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot6.Ifshehadworkedharder,she______.A.wouldsucceedB.B.hadsucceededC.shouldsucceedD.wouldhavesucceed7.—Ifhe______,he______