美国文学之了不起的盖茨比中英文

FrancisScottKeyFitzgerald(September24,1896–December21,1940)wasanAmericanauthorofnovelsandshortstories,whoseworksaretheparadigmwritingsoftheJazzAge,atermhecoinedhimself.Heiswidelyregardedasoneofthetwentiethcentury'sgreatestwriters.FitzgeraldisconsideredamemberoftheLostGenerationofthe1920s.Fitzgeraldwasbothaleadingparticipantinthetypicallyfrivolous,carefree,money-makinglifeofthedecadeand,atthesametime,adetachedobserverofit.Hewasthemostrepresentativenovelistofthe1920’s.LifeandCareerLiteraryCharacteristicsTheGreatGatsbyBirth:bornintoaSt.Paulmiddle-classfamilyin1896Father:gentlemanlybutunsuccessfulinbusinessMother:descendantofanIrishimmigrantEnteringPrincetonat17Joiningthearmyin1917;writingTheRomanticEgoist;fallinginlovewithZeldaSayreDischargedfromthearmyin1919;goingtoNewYorkReturningtoSt.Paul;publishingThisSideofParadisein1920Gettingmarried;goingtoNewYork;FlappersandPhilosophersandTalesoftheJazzAgepublishedin1920and1922respectivelyBecoming“theangeloftwenties”;TheBeautifulandtheDamnedpublishedin1922GoingtoFrancein1924;spokesmanof“TheLostGeneration”;producingTheGreatGatsbyin1925;TenderIstheNightandstoriesMarriageproblem;Loneliness,alcohol,andtheawarenessthathewasdissipatinghistalent:breakdownOnthebrinkofdespairanddisintegrationbetween1934and1937;illwithTB,drinkingmoreheavily,andmakingtwounsuccessfulattemptsatsuicideAcceptingawritingcontractforHollywood,butdismissedfromhisworklatein1938StartingthewritingofTheLastTycoonwhichremainedunfinishedwithhisdeathin1940.Fitzgerald:excellentchronicleroftheJazzAgeGreatness:findingintuitivelyinhispersonalexperiencetheembodimentofthatofthenationandcreatingamythoutofAmericanlifePursuinghisideals;objectiveenoughtoanalyze,satirizeandcriticizethemSimplicityandgracefulnessMetaphorsandsymbolsManipulatingrelationbetweenthegeneralandthespecificBoldimpressionisticandcolorfulqualityAttitudetowardsmoney:contradictoryandcomplexDoublevision:knowingitwellinside;seeingitironicallyoutsideSpecialexperience:familiarwithlifestyle,mentalstateandmoralstandardsoftherichCriticaloftherichandshowingthedisintegratingeffectsofwealthontheemotionalmake-upThisSideofParadiseTheBeautifulandDamnedTheGreatGatsbyTenderIstheNightTheLastTycoon二十多年创作生涯，发表多部长篇小说和160多篇短篇小说。剧本：《美女和被诅咒的人》、《伟大的盖茨比》、《生死同心》、《女人》、《乱世佳人》、《居里夫人》、《夜色温柔》《我最后一次看到巴黎》、《绮梦初艳》等长篇小说：《最后一个大亨》、《明智的事》、《了不起的盖茨比》、《夜色温柔》、《人间天堂》等短篇小说：《姑娘们与哲学家们》、《爵土时代的故事》、《富家公子》、《本杰明•巴顿奇特的一生》、《伯妮斯剪发》、《遗失的十年》等第一部长篇（划时代作品）。主人公阿莫瑞·布莱恩外表俊美、家境富裕、娇生惯养。曾考入普林斯顿大学成为大学生，后参加第一次世界大战，战争让他看清了这个时代和人性的一些本质。退伍后更加迷茫、颓废。30岁时变得愤世嫉俗、厌世，开始“厌恶这个社会制度”，盼望来一场社会革命，把自己推到社会的顶峰。小说以作者自己求学和海外生活为原型，描述主人公从预备学校到大学，再经历第一次世界大战的经历，再现“迷惘一代”精神面貌，主人公是多愁善感、满脑子幻想的年轻人，一心想“飞黄腾达”，娶漂亮姑娘做妻子。可因家庭状况欠佳，漂亮姑娘不愿嫁他。他由此“厌恶这个社会制度”，“盼望来一场社会革命，把我翻到社会的顶峰”。生前完成的最后一部长篇，描写一个出身寒微但才华出众的青年对梦幻般理想的追求以及最终遭到失败、变得颓废消沉的故事。小说背景是作者熟悉的欧洲大陆，时间为1917－1930，但小说展现的仍是美国“爵士乐时代”的社会场景。一部自传性小说，探索一种酷似作者所经历的感情与精神的崩溃过程，描写了强烈的怀旧情绪、悔恨心理、失落的希望、破灭的幻想、人格的分裂。迪克·戴弗是来自美国中西部的年轻有为的精神医生，在瑞士的苏黎世进行精神病的病理研究。他参与了对富家女尼科尔·沃伦的治疗。尼科尔因百万富翁的父亲与她乱伦而患上精神病的。在治疗过程中尼科尔爱上了迪克，迪克不顾他人的劝阻娶了尼科尔。婚后，他将全部的精力花在照顾有病的妻子上，自己的事业则逐渐荒疏。尼科尔在迪克的悉心照料下慢慢康复，过上了正常的生活，迪克却身心疲惫不堪重负日趋消沉。出于苦闷和无聊，迪克与一个名叫萝丝玛丽的女孩产生了爱情纠葛，而尼科尔则同阔少爷汤米寻欢作乐。最后，尼科尔同迪克离婚，嫁给汤米；迪克孓然一身返回美国，在他的家乡小镇以一个普通医生的身份行医了结余生。TheJazzAgedescribestheperiodaftertheendofWorldWarI,throughtheRoaringTwenties,endingwiththeonsetoftheGreatDepression.TheRoaringTwentiesThespiritoftheRoaringTwentieswasmarkedbyageneralfeelingofdiscontinuityassociatedwithmodernity,abreakwithtraditionsTheJazzAgeisthenicknameinAmericaofthedecadeofthe1920’s,beginningfrom1919totheCrashattheendof1929.Itreferstothe“Twenties”ofthiscentury.Thesetenyearswere,forAmericans,atimeofcarefreeprosperity,isolatedfromtheworld’sproblem,bewilderinggreatsocialchange,andafeverishpursuitofpleasure.ThesewerethetenyearswhentheFirstWorldWarwasjustover,whennewinventionsandmanufacturingtechniquesgreatlychangedthewaypeoplelived;whenpeoplemovedfromthecountrysideingreatnumbers;whenwomenwontherighttovoteandmanystartedtoearntheirownmoney.Whencars,washingmachines,radiosandvacuumcleanersbecamecommonplace;andwhenmillionsofpeoplelivedbeyondtheirmeansandwentintodebtinordertoobtainsuchthingswhilethemiddleclassfranticallypursuedindividual“success”andpersonalenjoyment.Theylivedarich,extravagant,frivolousmoneymakinglife,anditwasthisstyleoflivinggavethedecadeofthe1920’ssuchnicknameasthe“JazzAge”,the“DollarDecade”,andthe“RoaringTwenties.”Everythingseemedtobefeasiblethroughmoderntechnology.Newtechnologies,especiallyautomobiles,movingpicturesandradioproliferated'modernity'toalargepartofthepopulation.Formaldecorativefrillswereshedinfavorofpracticalityinbothdailylifeandarchitecture.Atthesametime,jazzanddancingroseinpopularity,inoppositiontothemoodofthespecterofWorldWarI.Assuch,theperiodisalsooftenreferredtoastheJazzAge.TheRoaringTwentieswasaperiodofliterarycreativity,andworksofseveralnotableauthorsappearedduringtheperiod.Booksthattakethe1920sastheirsubjectinclude:TheGreatGatsbybyF.ScottFitzgeraldisoftendescribedastheepitomeoftheJazzAgeinAmericanliterature.AllQuietontheWesternFron