尹强-电厂风机的应用及故障分析

毕业设计论文姓名：尹强学号：290813100213学院：吉林电子信息职业技术学院专业：热能动力工程题目：电厂风机的应用及故障分析指导教师：齐娟助教(姓名)(专业技术职务)2014年6月摘要I摘要风机为通用流体机械，它在发电厂的热力系统中，尤如人体内的心脏一样，电厂风机也是火力发电厂中的关键辅机，它的用途是十分广泛的。但是，在热电厂的实际运行中，风机，特别是引风机由于运动条件较恶劣，故障率教高。因此，提供完善、可靠的风机监控和安全系统等风机性能参数显得尤为重要。引用设备故障诊断技术，可以及时的发现设备故障的早期征兆，据此判断故障可能的发展过程，预防和减少恶性事故的出现，消除故障隐患，变被动维修为主动维修。通过此技术的应用可以查明故障的根源，进行一切基于可靠性的精确维修，从而减少盲目和剩余维修。因此，从根本上解决这些问题，提高大型热电厂轴流风机运行的可靠性显得十分必要和迫切。对于电厂风机的可靠性及影响因素等方面，就要求在设计和运行中提高轴流风机可靠性的对策。要提高轴流风机可靠性，在选型、设计、运行、调整与维护方面都要做好一定的措施。轴流风机因效率高和能耗低而被广泛采用。在实际运行中，不少电厂因轴流风机特别是动叶可调轴流风机的可靠性差，频频发生故障，导致电厂非计划停机或减负荷，影响了机组发电量。因此，迅速判断风机运行中故障产生的原因，采取得力措施解决是发电厂连续安全运行的保障。随着中国风机制造水平的提高，我国电站风机可靠性与先进国家差距正在缩小。风机的耗电量约占全国年总耗电量的10%。为此，提高风机效率对节约能源具有十分重要的意义。可见热电厂对国民经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高都起着重大作用。关键词：风机；性能参数；故障诊断信息技术学院毕业论文IIAbstractFluidMachineryforthecommonfan,it'sthermalpowerplantsystem,justliketheheartofthehumanbody,likePowerfanisthekeyauxiliarypowerplant,itsuseisveryextensive.However,theactualoperationofthepowerplant,thefans,especiallyintermsofinduceddraftfan,sportismorebadteachinghighfailurerate.Therefore,byprovidingcomprehensive,reliablesecuritysystems,fancontrolandfanperformanceparametersisveryimportant.Referencefaultdiagnosistechnology,timetofindearlysignsofequipmentfailure,failuretojudgethepossibleprocessofdevelopment,preventandreducetheappearanceofseriousaccident,failuretoeliminatehiddendangers,changefrompassivetoactiveservicemaintenance.Throughthistechniquecanidentifythecausesoffailuretocarryoutallmaintenanceonthereliabilityofprecision,thusreducingtheblindandtheremainingmaintenance.Therefore,afundamentalsolutiontotheseproblems,large-scalepowerplanttoimprovethereliabilityaxialfanisverynecessaryandurgent.Axialfanforhighefficiencyandlowenergyconsumptionhasbeenwidelyused.Inactualoperation,manyplants,especiallyforaxialfanaxialfanbladeadjustablepoorreliability,frequentfailures,resultinginunplanneddowntimeorreducedpowerload,affectingthepowergenerationunit.Therefore,thefanrunningquicklydeterminethecausesoffailuretotakeeffectivemeasurestoaddressistheprotectionofthesafeoperationofpowerplantsinarow.Withtheincreaseintheleveloffanmanufacturer,thereliabilityofourplantfanswithadvancedcountries,thegapisnarrowing.Fanpowerconsumptionaccountsforabout10%ofthetotalpowerconsumption.Tothisend,improvetheefficiencyofenergysavingfansofgreatsignificance.Thermalpowerplantcanbeseenonthenationaleconomydevelopmentandpeople'slivingstandardshaveplayedamajorrole.Keywords：Fan；Performanceparameters；Faultdiagnosis目录III目录摘要...................................................................IAbstract................................................................II第1章绪论............................................................11.1课题背景.........................................................11.2国内研究动态.....................................................11.3传统风机测试平台.................................................2第2章热力发电厂的设备及发电原理........................................42.1热力的发电厂的设备包括...........................................42.1.1主要设备包括................................................42.1.2汽轮机本体.................................................42.1.3工作原理...................................................52.2热力发电厂的发电原理.............................................5第3章风机在电厂中的应用................................................73.1电厂风机介绍.....................................................73.2风机的分类.......................................................73.2.1按照气流运动来进行风机分类的有..............................73.2.2按照压力来进行风机分类的有..................................83.2.3按比例大小风机分类..........................................83.2.4离心式风机和轴流风机........................................83.3被诊断风机设备介绍................................................9第4章风机的性能、结构与工作原理.......................................134.1风机的性能.......................................................134.1.1风机的性能参数.............................................134.1.2具体风机的性能参数分析....................................134.2同类型风机的性能关系.............................................154.2.1风机性能综合测试系统的研究与开发...........................164.3风机的特性曲线..................................................164.3.1风机测试参数的选定.........................................174.3.2风机性能计算...............................................174.4风机的主要结构及工作原理.........................................184.4.1风机的主要结构.............................................184.4.2风机的工作原理.............................................18第5章电厂风机的日常维护与保养.........................................205.1电厂风机的日常维护..............................................205.1.1电厂风机的定期检修维护.....................................205.1.2风机安装及维护............................................20信息技术学院毕业论文IV5.2电厂风机的日常保养..............................................21第6章电厂风机常见的故障分析及排除.....................................236.1电厂风机常见故障及分析...........................................236.1.1风机故障的概述.............................................236.2故障分析........................................................236.2.1电动机轴承的频谱分析.......................................236.2.2电机轴承与风机轴承的振动相关性分析......................