搜索
被动语态ThePassiveVoice公教部：刘莲东一、主动语态与被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Model:ManypeoplespeakEnglish.（主动语态）Englishisspokenbymanypeople.（被动语态）二、被动语态的构成：be+done（过去分词）１、一般现在时：amisdoneare２、一般过去时：wasdonewere.3.现在完成时:havebeendonehas4.现在进行时:amisbeingdoneare5.一般将来时：willbedoneshall6.含有情态动词:canmaymustbedoneshouldhaveto三、被动语态的用法１、不知道谁是动作的执行者要用被动语态，如：Thisjacketismadeofcotton.２、没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时要用被动语态，如：EnglishisspokeninBritainandAmerica.３、只需强调动作的承受者时要用被动语态，如：Thebridgewasbuiltin1990.四、把主动句变为被动句的方法：在主谓宾结构中１、把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，主动句的主语变为by短语（没必要时可省），如：Bellinventedthetelephonein1876.ThetelephonewasinventedbyBellin1876.练习一1.Mymothermadethesoup.2.UncleWangwillrepairmycomputer.3.Youmustcleanyourroomonceaweek.4.Theboybrokethewindow.5.Theworkersarebuildinganewbridge.Thesoupwasmadebymymother.MycomputerwillberepairedbyUncleWang.Yourroommustbecleanedonceaweek(byyou).Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy.Anewbridgeisbeingbuilt(bytheworkers).6.Icannotfindmydictionary.7.DostudentslearnEnglishinthemiddleschool?Mydictionarycannotbefoundbyme.IsEnglishlearnedinthemiddleschoolbystudents?２、在主－谓－宾结构变为被动语态时，只将其中一个宾语变为被动句中的主语，另一个宾语不变，如：1)Hetoldheralongstory.宾宾a.Shewastoldalongstory.b.Alongstorywastoldtoher.2)Motherboughtmeanewcoat.宾宾a.Iwasboughtanewcoat.b.Anewcoatwasboughtforme.３、“主－谓－宾－宾补”句型变为被动结构时，只将句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语，宾补不变。如：1)Ifoundhimlyingonthefloor.宾宾补Hewasfoundlyingonthefloor.2)WecallherRose.宾宾补SheiscalledRose.４、当主动句中有see/hear/feel/watch/notice/make/havesbdosth变为被动句时，do前要加上to.如：1)Ioftenhearhimsing.Heisoftenheardtosing.2)Theymadetheboygotobedearly.Theboywasmadetogotobedearly.四、使用被动语态时应注意：有些动词形式上主动，意义上是被动，用时特别要小心。１、可和well等连用的及物动词。1)Mypenwriteswell.我的笔好使。2)Theclothwasheswell.这个料子耐洗。3)Thepoemreadssmoothly.这首诗读起来很流畅。２、be+形todosth.1)Thestoryisinterestingtoread.2)Thewineisnicetodrink.练习二1.Myparentsboughtmeabike.2.Havetheypaidyouthemoney?3.Heistellingusafunnystory.•JackgaveJimapresent.Iwasboughtabikebymyparents.Abikewasboughtformebymyparents.A.Haveyoubeenpaidthemoney?B.Hasthemoneybeenpaidtoyou?A.Wearebeingtoldafunnystory.B.Afunnystoryisbeingtoldtous.JimwasgivenapresentbyJack.ApresentwasgiventoJimbyJack.３、某些连系动词1)Theflowerssmellsweet.这花儿很香。2)Thefoodtastesnice.这食物味道好。４、下列词不用被动形式：last(持续),have(有)，wish,let,takepartin,breakout(爆发),happen.1)Ihavetwobrothers.2)Ididn’tlethimgohome.练习三1.Hetoldustowaitforhimattheschoolgate.2.Wemustkeeptheenvironmentclean.3.Motheroftenmakesmefinishmyhomeworkfirst.4.Wesawhergooutoftheschool.5.IoftenhearhimreadEnglishinthemorning.Weweretoldtowaitforhimattheschoolgate.Theenvironmentmustbekeptclean.Iamoftenmadetofinishmyhomeworkfirst.Shewasseentogooutoftheschool.HeisoftenheardtoreadEnglishinthemorning.Exercises一、将下列句子改为被动语态1.ManypeoplespeakEnglishintheU.S.A.EnglishisspokenbymanypeopleintheU.S.A.2.Iwillfinishtheworksoon.Theworkwillbefinishedsoon.3.Heboughtabike.Abikewasboughtbyhim.4.Youshoulddotheworkcarefully.Theworkshouldbedonecarefully.5.Theyarewateringtheflowers.Theflowersarebeingwateredbythem.6.Weheardthemsinginthenextroom.Theywereheardtosing(byus)inthenextroom.二、变下列句子为主动句（括号内有词的，用其作主语）1.Nobodywasfoundintheroom.(they)Theyfoundnobodyintheroom.2.Anewbridgewillbebuiltnextyear.(they)Theywillbuildanewbridgenextyear.3.Thebikemustbemended.(Jack)Jackmustmendthebike.4.Keysareusedbypeopleforlockingdoors.Peopleusekeysforlockingdoors.5.Heisbeingoperatedonbythedoctor.Thedoctorisoperatingonhim.6.Childrenshouldbetakengoodcareof.(we)Weshouldtakegoodcareofchildren.