first现在完成时讲解和练习I.定义:1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。2.也可以表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态II.现在完成时的结构have/has+done(过去分词)注意:表示短暂时间动作的词,如:come,go,die,marry,buy等的完成时不能与for,since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作,如live,study,be,wait等,常和since(自从)或for(经历)引导的词语连用。如:Ihavelivedhereformorethanthirtyyears.我已在此住了30多年。III.现在完成时的时间状语1.ever,never,twice(once…),sofar(到目前为止),,already(肯定句),yet(否定,疑问句),just(刚刚),before(以前),recently(近来)等词连用2.Since+时间点,for+时间段,inthepast/lastfewyears表示短暂时间动作的词,如:come,go,die,marry,buy等的完成时不能与for,since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作,如live,study,be,wait等,常和since(自从)或for(经历)引导的词语连用。说明:already与yet都有“已经”的意思,但already常用于肯定句,并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句,并用于句末。例如:Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Theyhaveleft.(他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里)Ihavehadmylunch.(我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿)Ican’tfindmywatchnow.IthinkIhavealreadylostit.注意:1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastweek,threeyearsago等;2)不能与when连用IV.现在完成时的用法A.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调对现在造成的影想或结果)。例如:Thecarhasarrived.车子来了。(结果:车子已在门口)Someonehasbrokenthewindow.有人把窗户打破了。(结果:窗户仍破着)B.表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词howlong等。例如:Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryforfiveyears.我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。Mr.BlackhaslivedinChinasince2002.自从2002年Mr.Black一直住在中国。Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?你来这里多久了?用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词,句中谓语动词用现在完成时,时间状语为“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”。如:HehasbeenintheGreenChinaforthreeyears.secondHehasbeenamemberoftheGreenChinaforthreeyears.他加入“绿色中国”已经三年了。Theoldmandied4yearsago.----Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.HejoinedtheParty2yearsago.----HehasbeeninthePartyfor2years.Iboughtthebook5daysago.----Ihavehadthebookfor5days.表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间(for2years),since+从句(sincehecamehere),since+时间点名词(sincelastyear,since5daysago),howlong;foralongtime等。V.现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.(强调动作发生的时间是yesterday。)Ihaveseenthisfilm.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)2一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:…ago,lastweek/...In2008,inthepast,justnow,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterday...Then(那时),thatday,oneday,once(从前)现在完成时常和recently(近来),ever,never,twice,sofar(到目前为止),since,for,inthepast/lastfewyears,already(肯定句),yet(否定,疑问句),just(刚刚),before(以前)连用。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.VI.比较have/hasbeento、have/hasgoneto和havebeeninhave(has)beento...表示“曾去过某地,已经从那里回来了”,可以和ever、never、twice等连用。have(has)goneto表示“已经去了某地,在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”。have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:since,for,howlong等HewenttoShanghailastweek上周他去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾经)到/去过上海.(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了)HehasgonetoShanghai.他已经去上海了.(也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里)Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了third语法练习用过去时或现在完成时填空:1.“_________you__________(have)lunch?”“Yes.”“When________you__________(have)it?”“I____________(have)itat12:00.”2.“_________you__________(write)alettertoyourauntyet?”“Yes,I___________.I________________(write)onelastweek.”3.“_________he___________(finish)hishomework?”“Notyet.”4.“_________theyever__________(be)abroad?”“Yes,justonce.”5.Yourfather_________just___________(finish)hiswork.6.Yourfather_________(finish)hisworkjustnow.7.LasttermI__________(learn)manyEnglishwords.8.They____________(notread)theinterestingbooksyet.9.He_____________never____________(go)tothesciencemuseum.10.____________youever____________(drink)coke?11.Haveyou_____________(buy)adictionary?““Yes,I__________.”“Where______you___________(buy)it?”“I_________(buy)itinabookstore.”“When___________you_____________(buy)it?”“Yesterday.”I.单项选择。()1.Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten()2.HaveyoumetMr.Li____?A.JustB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago()3.—Howlonghaveyou____here?—Abouttwomonths.A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived()4.—Ourcountry____alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.A.haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better()5.—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish()6.We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew()7.HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_____twice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see()8.—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really?When_____there?A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone()9.ZhouLang______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying()10.Hisfather______thePartysince1998.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin()11.—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We______friendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade()12.Hehas___beentoShanghai,hashe?fourthA.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still()13.Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began()14.It___tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.A.IsB.hasC.willD.was()15.MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.She_______tothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen()16.Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen()17.Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,____?A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey()18.hasMr.Whit