新航道雅思语法 动名词

动名词非谓语动词的三个重点在句中充当的成分动名词=n.主要充当：主语，宾语，表语，定语不定式“不一定是什么词性的成分”=n.adj.adv能充当：除谓语之外的任何成分分词=adj.adv.主要充当：定语，状语，补足语，表语structure1，动名词的作用（主，表，宾，定）2，动名词的逻辑主语3，动名词的时态和语态（被动，完成）一，动名词的作用:主语，表语，宾语，定语剑8,T1,WSomepeoplethinkthatparentsshouldteachchildrenhowtobegoodmembersofsociety.Others,however,believethatschoolistheplacetolearnthis.(一)动名词-------作主语Educatingchildrentounderstandtheneedtoobeyrulesandrespectothersalwaysbeginsinthehome.(剑8,T1,W)However,learningtounderstandandsharethevaluesystemofawholesocietycannotbeachievedjustinthehome.(剑8,T1,W)【练】如果我生别人的气，就意味着我让别人控制了自己的情绪。Gettingmadatothersmeansotherpeoplearegettingcontrolofmyemotions.【知识点】动名词做主语时，位置要求：一般放句首，谓语动词用单数有时候放句末，仅限于某些特定的句型。Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.覆水难收【句型一】：Itisnouse/gooddoingsth.Itishardworkdoingsth.Itisajoy/pleasuredoingsth.Itisworthwhiledoingsth.【句型二】：Thereisnopoint/use/good(in)doingsth.“干某事没有必要/没有意义/没有用”【练1/2】冬夜坐在炉边读书是一大乐趣。（雅思口语）Itisagreatpleasuredoingsomereadingatthefiresideonawinternight.【练2/2】等到老了再说“我会对这个或那个发生兴趣”就没用了。It’snousestartingtosaywhenyouareold“Iwilltakeaninterestinthisorthat.”(二)动名词------作表语Ifthejobisrunningasmallbusinessoranautonomousunitwithinalargerbusiness,highachieversshouldbesought.（剑6，T3，R）如果工作是经营一家小型的企业，或者是较大企业中的一个独立部门，就应该寻找能力强的人。Peter:AnotheroddthingIseewouldbegirlsholdinghands.IftwogirlstheiragedidthatinBritainwewouldthinktheyweregay!Nick:It’sjustbecausegirlsgetveryclosetoeachotherandtreatthemassisters.Peter:Ithinkthat’sverytouchingbutI’mgladtheboysdon’tdothat!(三)动名词------作宾语(动宾，介宾）WhenthelocalgovernmentinCambridge,England,consideredintroducingSingaporeantechniques,itfacedvocalandultimatelysuccessfulopposition.（剑3，T4，R）【T/F/NG】ThegovernmentinEnglandsucceedinintroducingSingaporeantechnique.后面一般接动名词作宾语的动词详见附录⊕在介词后面做宾语【知识点】介词+n./doing.Asanalternativetousingasingle-occupancyvehicle,carpoolinginvolvestwoorfivecommuterssharingavehicle.Q:Whatiscarpooling?(四)动名词------定语动名词做定语，一般表示所修饰的名词的用途。比较少见，远没有现在分词做定语常见。agrowingnumberofpeople【练】分院帽；安眠药；梳妆台；出发点sortinghatsleepingpilldressingtablestartingpoint二，动名词的逻辑主语判断区别：Nickinsistedonreadingtheletter.Nickinsistedonmyreadingtheletter.【知识点】：动名词的复合结构:所有格/宾格/普通格＋动名词【练1/2】Tom拒绝接受邀请，这让我很恼火。Tomrefusedtoaccepttheinvitation,anditmakesmeangry.Itmakesmeangrythat````.(主语从句）Tomrefusedtoaccepttheinvitation,whichmakesmeangry.（定语从句）Tom’srefusingtoaccepttheinvitationmakesmeangry.（动名词做主语）【练2/2】Itisaveryburningissue.It-Thatgovernmentsmusttakeactiontopreventindividualsfromharmingourenvironment.Governmentstakingactiontopreventindividualsfromharmingourenvironmentisaveryburningissue.三，动名词的时态和语态（被动，完成）主动被动一般式??完成式？?=doing=havingbeendone=beingdone=havingdone【练1/4】Iremembermyparents’takingmetothezooforthefirsttime.------Istillremember___________tothezooforthefirsttime.【分析】Rememberdoing+被动=rememberbeingdoneKEY:beingtaken【练2/4】Markoftenattemptstoescape___(fine)wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.【分析】escapedoing+被动=escapebeingdoneKEY:beingfined【练3/4】她不能确定是否做过什么错事。Shewasnotsureof_______.【分析】ofdoing+完成=ofhavingdoneKEY:havingdoneanythingwrong.【练4/4】我们的现代文明不能被认为是短时间内创造出来的。Ourmoderncivilizationcannotbethoughtofas_____(create)inashortperiodoftime.【分析】asdoing+被动+完成=ashavingbeendoneKEY:havingbeencreatedtheend复习1，动名词的作用（主，表，宾，定）2，动名词的逻辑主语3，动名词的时态和语态（被动，完成）【课后练习】：P90，一，1-10P93，四，1，2，4，6，7高分作文句子•【练】得出结论说变化不可避免并不等同于假定“变化总是朝着好的方向”。（剑6,T4,W）•Reachingtheconclusionthatchangeisinevitableisnotthesameasassumingthat“changeisalwaysforthebetter.”•【课后练习】此外，国家如果不让高中成绩未达标准的学生受高等教育，可能会因此埋没一个未来的爱因斯坦。-------(教育话题）•makeone’smarks•highereducation/tertiaryeducation•Einstein•Furthermore,bydenyinghighereducationtostudentswhodonotmaketheirmarksintheirsecondaryeducation,thecountrymaybeignoringafutureEinstein.•BONUS：Edison,Darwin,theWrightbrothers,Socrates,Plato【课后练习】由于用CAI学习有着这些独特的优点,所以，没有什么东西可以抵得上做自己学习上的主人的自由,使自己的知识不断更新的乐趣以及对更多未知领域的好奇.----(现代科技）isworth/compensateforBecauseoftheseuniqueadvantagesofferedbyCAI,nothingcancompensateforthefreedomtobemyownmasterinlearning,thepleasureofkeepingmyknowledgeup-to-date,andcuriosityaboutmoreunknownfields.Bonus:CAI/CIAComputerAidedInstruction