复旦研究生综合英语2(修订版)Unit2

Unit2TheGiftofGift-givingU2AdditionallnformationfortheTeacher’sReferenceTextTheGiftofGift-givingWarm-upActivitiesFurtherReadingWritingSkillsAdditionalWorkUnit2TheGiftofGift-givingWarm-upActivitiesWarm-up11.Haveyoueversentthewronggifttothewrongpersonatthewrongtimeinthewrongplace?Whatlessondidyoulearnfromthatexperience?2.Whydopeoplegivegifts?3.Doyouknowanyidiomorexpressionthatoffersgoodadviceongift-giving?Unit2TheGiftofGift-givingWarm-up2Peoplegivegiftsforavarietyofreasons,amongwhicharethefollowing：1)Toshoworexpressaffection2)Toshowappreciation3)Toshowrespect4)Toexpressanapology5)Toencourageormotivate6)Toacknowledgeyourhost7)Tobuildandmaintainpersonalorbusinessrelationships8)Topromotebusinessproductsorservices9)ToenhancetheimageandreputationofthecompanyUnit2TheGiftofGift-givingWarm-up3ABritishexpressiongivesanexcellentsuggestionwhenitcomestotheactofgift-giving：Avoid“CarryingcoalstoNewcastle”.PeopleinNewcastle,acoal-miningtown,wouldnotappreciatereceivingcoalasagift!Inotherwords,avoidgivingsomethingtopeopletheyalreadyhave.DonotgivewinetotheFrench,beertotheGermans,chocolatestotheSwiss,orteatotheChinese.Unit2TheGiftofGift-givingArchieRandolphAmmonswasbornoutsideWhiteville,NorthCarolina,in1926.HestartedwritingpoetryaboardaU.S.NavydestroyerescortintheSouthPacific.AftercompletingserviceinWorldWarⅡ,heattendedWakeForestUniversity.Hewentontoworkasarealestatesalesman,aneditor,andanexecutiveinhisfather’sglasscompanybeforehebeganteachingatCornellUniversityin1964.Ammonswrotenearlythirtybooksofpoetry,amongthemGlare(W.W.Norton,1997);Garbage(1993),whichwontheNationalBookAwardandtheLibraryofCongress’sRebekahAIFTTR1.1AdditionallnformationfortheTeacher’sReference1.ArchieRandolphAmmons(1926-2001)Unit2TheGiftofGift-givingAIFTTR1.2JohnsonBobbittNationalPrizeforPoetry;ACoastofTrees(1981),whichreceivedtheNationalBookCriticsCircleAwardforPoetry;Sphere(1974),whichreceivedtheBollingenPrize;andCollectedPoems1951-1971(1972),whichwontheNationalBookAward.HismanyotherhonorsincludedtheAcademy’sWallaceStevensAward,thePoetrySocietyofAmerica’sRobertFrostMedal,theRuthLillyPrize,andfellowshipsfromtheGuggenheimFoundation,theMacArthurFoundation,andtheAmericanAcademyofArtsandLetters.HelivedinIthaca,NewYork,wherehewasGoldwinSmithProfessorofPoetryatCornellUniversityuntilhisretirementin1998.A.R.AmmonsdiedonFebruary25,2001.Unit2TheGiftofGift-givingAIFTTR2.12.RichardPalmerBlakmur(1904-1965)RichardPalmer,Blakmur,Americancriticandpoet,wasborninSpringfield,Mass.Althoughhehadnoformaleducationafterhighschool,hewasaresidentfellow(1940-1948)andprofessor(1948-1965)atPrinceton.Hisvolumesofalert,precise,yetprovisionalappraisalsofliteratureincludeTheArtoftheNovel(1934),TheDoubleAgent(1935),TheExpenseofGreatness(1940),LanguageasGesture(1952),LionandtheHoneycomb(1955),andPrimerofIgnorance(1967).HealsowrotesuchvolumesofpoetryasFromJordan’sDelight(1937)andSecondWorld(1942).Unit2TheGiftofGift-givingAIFTTR2.23.LuciusAnnaeusSeneca(4B.C.-65A.D.)BorninSpainin4BC,LuciusAnnaeusSenecawaseducatedinRomeandbecamefamousnotonlyasaplaywright,butasanoratorandphilosopheraswell.HeservedasatutortotheyoungNero,andwhentheboybecameEmperorin54AD,heretainedSenecaashisadvisor.Forseveralyears,Senecaexertedacalminginfluenceontheyoungemperor.Afterheretiredin62AD,however,helostfavorwithhisformerpupil,andin65AD,hewasaccusedofconspiringagainstNeroandwasforcedtocommitsuicide.Unit2TheGiftofGift-givingAIFTTR3.1Seneca’stragediesaredividedintofiveepisodesseparatedbychoralinterludes.Thisfive-actformwouldbecomethestandardduringtheRenaissance.AnotherofSeneca’sconventions,theuseofsoliloquiesandasides,wouldalsoproveintegraltotheevolutionofRenaissancedrama.Unit2TheGiftofGift-givingAIFTTR3.2EasterisanannualfestivalobservedthroughouttheChristianworld,thedateofwhichshiftseveryyearwithintheGregorianCalendar.TheGregorianCalendaristhestandardinternationalcalendarforciviluse.Inaddition,itregulatestheceremonialcycleoftheRomanCatholicandProtestantchurches.ThecurrentGregorianecclesiasticalrulesthatdeterminethedateofEastertracebackto325CEattheFirstCouncilofNicaeaconvenedbytheRomanEmperorConstantine.AtthattimetheRomanworldusedtheJulianCalendar(putinplacebyJuliusCaesar).TheCouncildecidedtokeepEasteronaSunday,thesameSundaythroughouttheworld.TofixincontrovertiblythedateforEaster,andtomake4.EasterUnit2TheGiftofGift-givingAIFTTR4.1itdeterminableindefinitelyinadvance,theCouncilconstructedspecialtablestocomputethedate.Thesetableswererevisedinthefollowingfewcenturies,resultingeventuallyinthetablesconstructedbythe6thcenturyAbbotofScythia,DionysisExiguus.Nonetheless,differentmeansofcalculationscontinuedinusethroughouttheChristianworld.Unit2TheGiftofGift-giving5.CesarChavez(1927-1993)CesarChavezwasbornin1927asoneofthesixthsonsofLibradoChavez.HewasaMexicanAmericanlaboractivistandleaderoftheUnitedFarmWorkers.Duringthe20thcenturyhewasaleadingvoiceformigrantfarmworkers.Histirelessleadershipfocusednationalattentionontheselaborersterribleworkingconditions,whicheventuallyledtoimprovements.WhenCesarwastenyearsold,theChavezfamilylosttheirfar