1.supply-chain-management供应链管理

SupplychainmanagementText1SupplyChainManagement【Para1】OverviewofSupplyChain（供应链概述）Supplychain(alsocalledvaluechainordemandchain),isthenetworkoftheinvolvedcompanies,throughupstreamanddownstreamlinkages,inthedifferentprocessesandactivitiesthatproducevalueintheformofproductsandservicesinthehandsoftheultimateconsumer.KEYWORD:LinkageExample:Text1SupplyChainManagement【Para2】TheDefinitionofSupplyChainManagementTherearevariousdefinitionsofdifferentedition.Butingeneral,Supplychainmanagementmeansthemanagementofupstreamanddownstreamrelationshipswithsuppliersandcustomerstodeliversuperiorcustomervalueatlesscosttothesupplychainasawhole.Thesupplychainarrangementlinksafirmanditsdistributiveandsuppliernetworktoendcustomers.Keywords:supplier,customer,value,costText1SupplyChainManagementTheintegratedvalue-creationprocessmustbemanagedfrommaterialprocurementtoend-customerproductdelivery.Theintegratedsupplychainmanagementshiftstraditionalchannelarrangementsfromlooselylinkedgroupsofindependentbusinessesthatbuyandsellinventorytoeachothertowardacoordinatedinitiativetoincreasemarketimpact,overallefficiency,continuousimprovement,andcompetitiveness.Keywords:integratedText1SupplyChainManagement【Para3】ReasonsforDevelopingSupplyChains（供应链发展的原因）GreatercompetitiveadvantageGreatervaluetoconsumersReducestheleadtimegapFasterandsmallerdeliveriestointermediatecustomersIntroducestheconceptofincreasedshareholdervalueLeadtimegap:DifferencebetweenlogisticsleadtimeandcostumerordercycletimeText1SupplyChainManagement【Para4】TheGoalofSupplyChainManagement（供应链管理的目标）SinceWorldWarII,withthedevelopmentoftheoperationsresearchandmanagementscience,therehasbeenanincreasinginterestinsupplychainplanningandmanagement.Workingtogether,supplychainplanners/managersandallmembersofthefront,middleandbackendofthesupplychainmayenhancerevenue,costcontrol,andassetutilizationaswellascustomersatisfaction.Text1SupplyChainManagementFurthermore,softwareforoptimizationhasbeenembracedbyalloftheseparties,asitoffersmathematicalmodelingsolutionstosupplychainproblems.Forexample,asoftwarepackagemightprovideanoptimumdeliveryrouteoftheproducts,fromsuppliertomanufacture.Inconclusion,thegoalistooptimizeefficiencythroughsupplychainmanagement.Text1SupplyChainManagementOptimizationpromisestoimproveacompany'ssupplychainperformanceinavarietyofareas：ReducingsupplycostsImprovingproductmarginsIncreasingmanufacturingthroughputBetterreturnonassetsText1SupplyChainManagementNewWordsandPhrasesoverviewn.概要upstreamadj.上游的，溯流而上的downstreamadj.下游的linkagen.连接ultimateadj.最终的Text1SupplyChainManagementarrangementn.排列，安排distributiveadj.分发的，分配的integratedadj.综合的，完整的procurementn.获得，取得Text1SupplyChainManagementshareholdern.股东utilizationn.利用optimizationn.最佳化，最优化mathematicaladj.数学的，精确的modelingn.建模，造型marginn.盈余，利润，毛额throughputn.生产量,生产能力giveriseto引起，导致ReadingsFacility设备，设备Procurement实现，获得Complexity复杂的Objective目标Throughput产能Inventory存货Pattern方式Mechanism机械装置，机构，机制Unit单位例句1.Thereisaneedforamechanismthroughwhichthesedifferentfunctionscanbeintegratedtogether.需要有一种使不同的功能整合在一起的机制。练习：我们需要一个新的代理商以获得新的客户。Thereisaneedofanewagentthroughwhichwecanfindnewcustomers.例句2.SCMbringsintoasupplychainallbusinessunitsofanenterprisetocarryonacoordinatedmanagement.SCM将企业的所有经营单元纳入供应链从而实现协调管理。carryon:经营，从事coordinated：协调练习：项目管理将工商管理的所有功能整合于一个项目小组以达到协调管理的目的。Projectmanagementbringsintoaprojectgroupallfunctionsofbusinesstocarryonacoordinatedmanagement.Text2DevelopingTrendsinSupplyChainManagementGlobalization,pricedeflation,supplychaincompetitivenessandcustomerservicearethemostprominenttrendsinthesupplychainindustryinthe21stcentury.【Para1】Globalization（全球化）We’veallheardaboutthisone.CompaniesclosedowntheiroperationsinCanadaortheUSandsetuporoutsourcetoacompanyinIndia,China,Mexico,Africa,etc.Text2DevelopingTrendsinSupplyChainManagementWhileunitlaborcostsarelowerandofferacompetitiveadvantage,theleadtimetoreplenishgoodshasincreased.Asaconsumer,areyouwillingtowaitanother3-4weeksforabicyclethatis20%cheaperthanthecompetitionprice,orbuyacompetitor’sbicyclenowforyourlongweek-endexcursion?Tominimizestock-outs,thesecompaniesoftenmustcarrylargerinventorieswhichentailhigherholding,orcarryingcosts.Keywords:globalization,laborcost,inventories,costsText2DevelopingTrendsinSupplyChainManagementWhiletheremaynotbearightorwronganswer,whatistrueiswiththeadventoftradeliberalizationandmorecountriesopeningtheirborderstoforeigncompanies.Thistrendwillcontinue.Thechallenge,ofcourse,istomanagethismorecomplexsupplychain.Text2DevelopingTrendsinSupplyChainManagement【Para2】PriceDeflation（价格降低）Theglobalizationcausemorecompaniesfloodthemarketwiththeirlower-pricedgoods.Moreenterprisesmustbeprocessedinthesupplychainforthesamelevelofsales.Thiswillresultinhigheroperatingcostswhichinturnwilldecreaseprofitability.globalization,morecompany,competitive,pricedeclineText2DevelopingTrendsinSupplyChainManagement【Para3】SupplyChainCompetitiveness（供应链竞争）Thereisanewnotionforhowcompaniesmustnowcompete.Theycannolongerdosoinisolation,butmustcollaboratewiththei