一、定语从句的定义:用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词(antecedent)。定语从句一般是由关系代词或关系副词来引导的。相当于名词和形容词的作用。eg:1.DoyouknowthemanwhocametoseeXiaoYangthismorning?2.ThedayisnotfaroffwhenwewillmakeatriptoBritain.定语从句归纳总结二、关系代词和关系副词的作用:1、引导作用2、替代作用3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用四.关系代词的基本用法和注意点1.关系代词的基本用法四.1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词指代的先行词充当从句的成分who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语关系副词指代功能when(=at/in/onwhich)where(=in/atwhich)why(=forwhich)time时间状语place地点状语reason原因状语关系副词引导定语从句时,既引导定语从句,又在定语从句中充当状语。总结关系副词:where,when,why时间when=in/at/on/duringwhich地点where=at/in/onwhich原因why=forwhichthat和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.1)当先行词是all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词或被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,few,only等修饰时.2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。5)先行词是who或who引导的主句。Whoisthegirlthatdrovethecar?Whothatbrokethewindowwillbepunished.4)当先行词既有人又有物时,用关系代词thatWeweredeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandtheschoolsthatwehadvisitedthere.3)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.关系代词指物时只用which不用that的情况(1)在介词之后Thisisthequestionaboutwhichwe’vehadsomuchdiscussion.(2)当主句中的主语被that修饰时。eg.ThatdogwhichIfoundinthestreetbelongstoMary.(3)在非限定性定语从句中必须用which不能用that。Theyhaveinvitedmetovisittheircountry,whichisverykindofthem.that和who在指人的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用who而不用that。1.先行词为those,one,ones,peoples时ThosewhoarefromQingdaocomethisway.2.当先行词是用-body或-one构成的不定代词时Isthereanybodyelsewhoshouldbeinvited.八、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1.限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。如:a)Whatisthenameofthetallwomanwhoisstandingthere?站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字?b)Torontoisacity(that)I'vealwayswantedtovisit.多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。2.非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切,只是对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,一般不用that引导。非限制性定语从句中,关系词不可省略。如:a)Rome,whichisthecapitalofItaly,hasaverylonghistory.b)YesterdayImetProfessorKing,whocamefromtheUniversityofLondon.c)Helentmeadictionary,whichwasjustwhatIneeded.他借给我一本词典,这正是我所需要的。eg.Afive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages,whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent.一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语,令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。析:从语境可知,令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语这整个一件事,因此先行词为整个主句,此时应由which引导非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句的五不能用1、通常不能用that引导2、不能用why引导,要用forwhich代替why3、从句至于句首时,用as引导,不能用which。4、由“介词+关系代词”引导时,关系代词不能用as5、关系代词指人做宾语时,只能用宾格whom,不能用who代替,也不能省略介词+关系代词注意三点:一、注意关系代词的选取二、注意介词的选取三、注意不能拆开的动词短语一、注意关系代词的选取。在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,如果关系代词指代事物就用which;如果指代人则用whom;若表示“……的”则用whose。examples:1.Thisistheclassroominwhichwestudiedlastyear.2.Therearesixtystudentsinourclass,twentyofwhomaregirls.3.Helivesinahouse,whosedooropenstothenorth.二、注意介词的选取1.根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词和形容词的习惯搭配。Whoisthemanwithwhomyoujustshookhands?(动词短语:shakewith…和…握手)Theauthorwithwhomwearefamiliarwilldie.(形容词短语:befamiliarwith熟悉)2.根据介词和先行词的习惯搭配。Irememberthedayonwhichhejoinedthearmy.(具体到某一天,用介词on)三、注意不能拆开的动词短语并不是所有的动词短语都能拆开,要注意有些短语不能拆开使用。这样的动词短语常用的有:lookafter,lookfor,turnin,payattentionto,takecareof,dependon,listento等。如:1.Thebabies(whom)thenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.保育员照看的婴儿都很健康。2.Isthisthebook(which/that)shewaslookingfor?这是她正在找的那本书吗?