国际化进程中的外语教学：模式与对策

DRRESENDE2011EASTMEETSWESTatthethresholdofaworldwiderevolutioninlearningTEACHINGMETHODOLOGYPROBLEM:Anewelectroniclearningenvironmentisreplacingthelinear,text-boundcultureofconventionalschools.SOLUTION:Weneedtofreeourselvesfromtheconventionaleducationmodel.GOALOFTHISLECTURE:CHALLENGESINTHE21STCENTURY1800world'spopulation=1billion1927world'spopulation=2billion1959world'spopulation=3billion1974world'spopulation=4billion1987world'spopulation=5billion1999world'spopulation=6billion2011world'spopulation=7billionTomeettheeducationneedsofthisdemographicexplosion,wemustthinkoutsidetheboxofconventionalschooling.GOALOFTHISLECTURE:CHALLENGESINTHE21STCENTURYDEMOGRAPHICEXPLOSIONHIGHLIGHTSOFTHISLECTURENEWLEARNINGAGE:DIGITALERA新学习时代：数字时代NEWTEACHINGMETHODOLOGY:4SKILLS新教学法：4种技能EASTANDWESTFACESAMECHALLENGESINTHE21STCENTURY21世纪东西方共同面临的挑战OVERVIEWOFTHEPAST,PRESENTANDFUTURE教学法综述：过去，现在和未来CONTENTSOFTHISLECTUREPRESENT:EducationinChinaandAmerica–similaritiesanddifferences.PAST:FoundationsofEducationintheEastandWest-ConfuciusandSocrates.FUTURE:CommonChallengesfortheEastandWestinthe21stcentury.WHATISTHEEDUCATIONALSYSTEMLIKEINCHINA?ANDINAMERICA?EASTMEETSWESTEDUCATIONINCHINAANDAMERICAPersonalExperienceHierarchyThehierarchyofChinaeducationsystemcanbeillustratedinthefollowingfigure.HierarchyThehierarchyofChinaeducationsystemcanbeillustratedinthefollowingfigure.EDUCATIONINAMERICADOSTUDENTSHAVESIMILAREXPERIENCES?EASTMEETSWESTEDUCATIONINCHINAANDAMERICAEDUCATIONINCHINAANDAMERICACompareandContrastEXAM-ORIENTEDEDUCATIONINCHINAANDAMERICACompareandContrastSKILLS-ORIENTEDGROUPSTUDYSELFSTUDYMEMORIZATIONDISCUSSIONTEACHERCENTEREDSTUDENTCENTEREDCOMPARISONANDCONTRASTSTUDENTSAREFORCEDTOSTUDYFOCUSONCOGNITIVESKILLSROTEMEMORIZATIONREPETITIONANDIMITATIONEXTRA-CURRICULARACTIVITIESGOAL:REALIZINGPARENTS’DREAMCHINACOMPARISONANDCONTRASTSTUDENTSAREFREETOSTUDYFOCUSONANALYTICALSKILLSCREATIVEPROGRAMSSELF-STUDYALTERNATIVEEDUCATIONGOAL:REALIZINGONE’SPOTENTIALAMERICALET’SLOOKATTHEFOUNDATIONSOFEDUCATION:SOCRATESANDCONFUCIUSEASTMEETSWESTFOUNDATIONSOFEDUCATIONCONFUCIUSONLEARNINGConfucius'pedagogicalmethod:askingquestions,citingtheclassics,usinganalogies.Learningasaprocessofobservationofsometypeofsubjectmatter-books,objects,orpeople-followedbyreflectionandinnerchange.LEARNING=MATURATIONSOCRATESONLEARNINGSocrates'pedagogicalmethod:seekingtruthrequiresquestioningandinterpretingthewisdomandknowledgeofothers.Learningasaprocessofobservationofthewise,examiningtheirlives,examiningoneselfandattainingmoralknowledge.LEARNING=SEEKINGTRUTHCONFUCIUS’METHODOLOGYSetagoodexampleandinspirestudentsGuidestudentstopractiseself-controlandself-analysisExplainthepresentinthelightofthepastCombinetheoryandpracticeEncourageindependentthoughtWelcomecriticismandacceptcorrectionSOCRATES’METHODOLOGYDiscoverknowledgeUseadialecticmethod,investigateproblemsthroughdialoguediscussions-SocraticmethodUsecriticalinquiryKnowyourlimitationsKnowyourweaknessesandcontrolnegativetendencies.Life-longpursuitofself-improvementandmoralstandardsSIMILARITIESLearningasapersonalandhighlyindividualactivity.Learningastheseekingofvirtueandself-control;thus,raisingindividualmoralstandards.Learningisnotforanelitebutforallanditencouragescompetencethroughmeritocracy.Learninghasaprofoundeffectonsociety;itpromotesintellectualandmoraldevelopment.Learningfosterscriticalthinkingwhichislaboriouswork.学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆Studywithoutthoughtislaborlost;thoughtwithoutstudyisdangerous.EASTMEETSWESTATTHETHRESHOLDOFAWORLDWIDEREVOLUTIONINLEARNINGWHATCOMMONCHALLENGESDOTHEWESTANDEASTFACEINTHE21STCENTURY?EASTMEETSWESTATTHETHRESHOLDOFAWORLDWIDEREVOLUTIONINLEARNINGFACTSFewerofusarereadingbooksandmoreofusaresurfingtheinternet.Currenteducationsystemclearlyshowsthatthestandardizedtestingregimeandtheoutdatedcurriculaarewastingthepotentialofouryouth.EASTMEETSWESTATTHETHRESHOLDOFAWORLDWIDEREVOLUTIONINLEARNINGCanweblendConfuciusandSocrates’wisdomwiththecurrentdigitalculture?Canweadapttheoutdatededucationalsystemstoarapidlychangingworld?Howdowealigntheflexiblecognitiveframeworkswiththeageofelectroniclearning?HYPOTHESISEASTMEETSWESTATTHETHRESHOLDOFAWORLDWIDEREVOLUTIONINLEARNINGIstechnologypropellinganewageofenlightenmentorafaultysetoftrivialities?DILEMMA“TheInternetculturefacilitatesegocentric,sociocentricandethnocentricviewswhichareprofoundlyanti-intellectual.”MARKBAUERLEIN’SBOOKTheDumbestGeneration(2008)GERALDHUFFANDBRORSAXBERG“Fullimmersion-Howwill10-year-oldslearn?”(2009)“TechnologyIsanextensionofourminds.Immersivetechnologiessuchasmultitouchdisplays;telepresence;3-Denvironments;intelligentsoftware;andsimulations—willtransformteachingandlearningby2025.”BENEFITSOFTECHNOLOGYFORTEACHINGMETHODOLOGY?Learningwouldtakeplacebothinandoutofschool.Teacherswouldnolongermanagelearningbutwouldfacilitatelearning,creativelyadaptingcurriculumtotheirstudents'needs.Likeanycreativeeffort,thiscollectivejourneywouldincludeerrors,lackofgoodinformation,andfalsestartsbutthelearningprocesswouldbeacontinuum.Teacherscouldactasguidesandfocuson21