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1Lesson143-144Awalkthroughthewoods林中散步Keywords[词汇]surroundv.包围woodn.树林beautyspot风景点hundredn.百cityn.城市throughprep.穿过visitorn.参观者，游客，来访者tidyadj.整齐的littern.杂乱的东西litterbasket废物筐placev.放throw(threw;thrown)v.扔，抛rubbishn.垃圾countv.数，点coverv.覆盖piecen.碎片tyren.轮胎rustyadj.生锈的amongprep.在……之间prosecute依法处置★surroundv.包围；围绕Thebeautifulwhitehouseissurroundedbygreentrees.Thatoldprofessorlovedtosurroundhimselfwithyoungpeople.那位老教授非常喜欢年轻人围在他左右。WhenIwentintotheroom,IsawTimsittingonthefloorsurroundedbyboxes.当我走进房间时，我看到蒂姆正坐在地板上，他的周围到处都是盒子。拓展：surroundingadj.周围的，附近的例：thesurroundingcountry近郊surroundingsn.(复数)环境，周围的事物例：railwaysurroundings铁路周围的环境★woodn.树林①n.（复数）树林，森林（通常比forest小）例：Shegotlostinthewoods.她在森林中迷路了。②n.（不可数）木材，木料例：Thishouseismadeofwood.这栋房子是木制的。★hundredn.百fourhundredandeighty480固定搭配：hundredsof数以百计的…，几百的…★visitorn.参观者，游客，来访者Novisitors谢绝会客，拓展：visitv.浏览，参观★placev.放①v.（小心地）放；放置Heplacedtherecordbacktotheshelf.他把唱片放回到架子上。Theirrequestplacedmeinadifficultposition.他们的要求将我置于困境。②v.任命；安置ThecompanyhasplacedhimwithabranchofficeinTokyo.公司任命他在东京的一家分支机构工作。Thereisnobetterwaytoplacethehomelesschildren.没有更好的办法来安置这些无家可归的孩子们。固定搭配：fromplacetoplace处处；giveplaceto让位于…，被…所代替；knowone’splace懂分寸，不过分，举止谦虚takeplace（事情）发生；inplaceof代替★throw(threw;thrown)v.扔，抛Pleasethrow.Iwillcatch.抛过来，我来接。固定搭配：throwaway抛弃，丢弃，丢掉2★rubbishn.垃圾①n.垃圾例：clearawaytherubbish清除垃圾②n.无聊之事，荒唐之事，废话例：Don’ttalkrubbish.别说废话了。★coverv.覆盖①v.覆盖Shecoveredherfacewithherhands.她用手掩面。②n.遮盖的（东西或物）；套子，盖子；包装纸；封面，书皮Putacoveronapot.把锅盖盖在锅上。固定搭配：becoveredwithsth.盖满，被…覆盖★prosecute依法处置①v.起诉，检举；依法处置Trespasserswillbeprosecuted.闲人莫入，违者法办。Theyprosecutedhimforshoplifting.他们起诉他扒窃商店货物。②v.（书面语）彻底进行；执行Wearegoingtoprosecutetheinvestigationfurther.我们将进一步彻底进行调查。Text1．Iliveinaveryoldtownwhichissurroundedbybeautifulwoods.主从复合问句，whichissurroundedbybeautifulwoods为定语从句，修饰town。which指代town。从句用的是被动语态，“被…所包围”。如果将从句独立为一个句子，则为：Mytownissurroundedbybeautifulwoods.2．OnSundays,hundredsofpeoplecomefromthecitytoseeourtownandtowalkthroughthewoods.（1）简单句，toseeourtownandtowalkthroughthewoods为不定式短语充当目的状语，fromthecity作定语修饰hundredsofpeople。（2）hundredsofpeople复数形式表概数，“数以…计的”，与of连用，作名词修饰语，其后的名词必然是复数形式。如：hundredsofpeople几百人3．Visitorshavebeenaskedtokeepthewoodscleanandtidy.（1）被动语态的现在完成时，说明需求的行为应为游客所知。tokeepthewoodscleanandtidy为不定式短语充当ask的宾语补足语。（2）keepthewoodscleanandtidy也是复合结构，充当不予补足语的是形容词短语cleanandtidy。拓展：keep在此处的用法：动词+宾语+补语。另外，可以用于该结构的供词一般还有make，get，keep，find，wash等，宾语补足语一般是形容词。4．WhatIsawmademeverysad.（1）句中的主语WhatIsaw是what引导的名词性从句。（2）made这里的意思是：使存在；使发生。（3）verysad.做宾语补足语。5．Amongtherubbish,Ifoundasignwhichsaid,'Anyonewholeaveslitterinthesewoodswillbeprosecuted!'（1）如果是牌子上,报纸上说什么，就如课文中那样可以用say．（2）“Anyonewholeaveslitterinthesewoodswillbeprosecuted！”是主从复合句，who引导的定语从句，修饰anyone。anyonewho…任何…的人。例：anyonewhocomestothepartyiswelcome.该晚会来者不拒。Grammar1．被动语态：上一次介绍了被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时形式，这里介绍其现在完成时和一般将来时形式：3（1）现在完成时形式：has/have+been+过去分词：Thebaskethasalreadybeenemptied.篮子已经被腾空了。Theyhavealreadybeeninvited.他们已被邀请。（2）一般将来时形式：will/shall+be+过去分词：Thefloorwillbesweptsoon.地不久就会扫的。Thekniveswillbesharpenedsoon.刀不久就会磨的。2.宾语补足语：宾语补足语主要用来补充说明宾语，与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系，可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如：Tomfoundtheclimbquiteeasy.汤姆觉得爬山很容易。Don’tbesoformal.CallmeJim.不要这样正规，叫我吉姆好了。I’mfinished.Let’sgonow.我已干完，咱们走吧。Youmustkeepitclean.你要把它保持干净。Ihavethecarwaiting.我让汽车等着。Wehadthemachinerepaired.我们请人修理了机器。Whydon’tyouhaveyourhaircut?你为什么不理发?Hehadhisfingercut.他的手指弄伤了。Ihadmywatchstolenyesterday.我的表昨天被人偷去了。Ihavealotofworktodo.我有许多工作要做。Shehasplentyofclothestowear.她有足够的衣服穿。Hemademerepeatthestory.他要我把那事重讲一遍。Rainmakesplantsgrow.雨水使植物生长。注意：后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call,name,think,make,choose等，后跟形容词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有keep,find,get,think,make等。动词不定式作宾语补足语时，当谓语动词为感官动词(如feel,see,hear,notice,watch,observe,listento,lookat等)，使役动词(如let,have,make等)，动词不定式不带to。Lesson144练习答案KeytowrittenexercisesA1Thewriterlivesinaveryoldtownwhichissurroundedbybeautifulwoods.2Becauseitisafamousbeautyspot.3Visitorshavebeenaskedtokeepthewoodscleanandtidy.4Litterbasketshavebeenplacedunderthetrees.5Thewriterwentforawalkinthewoods.6Yes,hesawalotofrubbish.7Hesawasignamongtherubbish.8Thesignsaid,‘Anyonewholeaveslitterinthesewoodswillbeprosecuted.B1Someonehasairedit.Ithasalreadybeenaired.2Someonehascleanedthem.Theyhavealreadybeencleaned.3Someonehasemptiedit.Ithasalreadybeenemptied.4Someonehassharpenedit.Ithasalreadybeensharpened.5Someonehasturnedthemon.Theyhavealreadybeenturnedon.6Someonehasboughtthem.Theyhavealreadybeenbought.7Someonehassweptit.Ithasalreadybeenswept.8Someonehastakenthemtoschool.Theyhavealreadybeentakentoschool.49Someonehasinvitedthem.Theyhavealreadybeeninvited.10Someonehastoldthem.Theyhavealreadybeentold.C1Ithasn'tbeenairedyet.Itwillbeairedtomorrow.2Theyhaven'tbeencleanedyet.Theywillbecleanedtomorrow.3Ithasn'tbeenemptiedyet.Itwillbeemptiedtomorrow.4Ithasn'tbeensharpenedyet.Itwillbesharpenedtomorrow.5Theyhaven'tbeenturnedonyet.Theywillbeturnedontomorrow.6Theyhaven'tbeenwateredyet.Theywillbewateredtomorrow.7Ithasn'tbeenrepairedyet.Itwillberepairedtomorrow.8Ithasn'tbeendustedyet.Itwillbedustedtomorrow.9Theyhaven'tbeencorrectedyet.Theywillbecorrectedtomorro