语法专项复习语法专项一---名词★一、什么是“名词”及名词的分类★二、可数名词变复数的规则★三、不可数名词★四、名词所有格★五、练习1、典型例题2、练习(1)(2)(3)(4)(1)(2)名词:表示一类事物名称的词。类别用法例词普通名词可数名词个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体Pen,student,desk集体名词表示若干个个体组成的集合体School,family,class不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物Tea,water,paper抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念Work,time,news专有名词某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称Marx,Shanghai,China,TheGreatWall,Party返回专有名词首字母大写!见P69-70讲解以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:a.maths,politics,physicsb.newsc.theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations。d.以复数形式出现的书名,剧名等。TheArabianNightsisaveryinterestingstory-book.e.OlympicGames如果是泛指“奥运会”,为复数;而如果具体到哪一届则为单数。1.规则变化2.不规则变化1、一般加-s,如:maps,cars2、以s,x,sh,ch结尾的加-es;如:dish-dishes3、以辅音字母加y结尾的,先变y为i,再加-es;如:baby-babies,family-families4、以f,fe结尾的名词,通常要变f或fe为v,再加-es;如:leaf-leaves,wife---wives,life---lives,thief---thieves;注:belief---beliefs(信心),roof---roofs(屋顶),safe---safes(保险箱),gulf---gulfs(海湾)则直接加s5、以o结尾的名词,变复数时:a.加s,如:photo—photos,piano—pianos,kilo-kilos,radio—radios,zoo—zoos;b.加es,如:potato—potatoes,tomato—tomatoes,hero—heroes(英雄)month---?mouth---?th结尾加s!!妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷见状吓得慌,躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。黑人,英雄,水牛爱吃土豆和西红柿。①改变部分字母:man—men:woman-women,man-men,policeman-policemenoo—ee:foot-feettooth-teethOthers:child-children,mouse-mice②单、复数同形:Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish③关于“国人”的复数:Chinese---Japanese---(4)复合名词变复数:manteacher---womandriver---boy/girlstudent---返回中国人和日本人爱护绵羊、鱼和鹿Englishman---Frenchman---Australian---Canadian---American---中日不变英法变,其余s加后面。menteacherswomendriversboy/girlstudents不可数名词:(前面不能用a,an等来修饰)到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有:①液体类(water):juice,tea,soup,milk,cola,coffee②肉类(meat):beef,pork,mutton③粉末类:bread,flour④抽象名词类:news,time,information,money,advice,friendship,work,homework,housework,fun,health,price⑤食物类(food):broccoli,rice,porridge,junkfood,chocolate,tofu不可数名词计量的表达:①个数单位词:piece(张、片、块、条),②容器单位词:bottle(瓶),bag(包),box(盒、箱),③类别单位词:kind(种、类)④度量衡单位词:kilo(千克、公斤)返回数字+量词+of+不可数名词名词所有格:表示“(某人)的”:①一般在名词后加’s构成。如:吉姆的妈妈我老师的桌子那狗的名字②若以S结尾词,则在S后加’.如:那些男孩的书包③表示几个人共同的东西,只在最后一个人后加。如:Lucy和Lily的妈妈(两人是姐妹)LucyandLily’smother④表示几个人都分别有的东西,则每个都加。如:Lucy的妈妈和Lily的妈妈(两人不是姐妹)Lucy’sandLily’smothers⑤一般用...of...结构来表示无生命的名词所有格:如:我房间的门一张中国地图我妹妹的照片⑥双重所有格,例:我爸的一个朋友我的一个同学返回thedoorofmyroomamapofChinathephotosofmysisterafriendofmyfather’saclassmateofmine妇女节儿童节教师节母亲节父亲节表示时间、距离、国家等无生命的名词也也可以在词尾加‘s构成所有格。•今天的报纸•两个小时的车程•15分钟的走路•几年的等待today’snewspapertwohours’drive15minutes’walkafewyears’waiting[典型题例]例1下列几组复数名词中,每组都有一个错词,请指出:1.A.ChineseB.FrenchmenC.EnglishmenD.Germen2.A.tomatoesB.photosC.radioesD.potatoes3.A.desksB.AmericansC.friendsD.breads4.A.storiesB.familiesC.playsD.keies5.A.leavesB.knivesC.roovesD.shelves6.A.clothesB.monthesC.mouthsD.fifths返回例2判断下列文哪句翻译正确:多好的消息啊!A.Whatagoodnewsitis!B.Whatgoodnewsitis!例3单项选择Whatyouneedismore_____.Don’talwaysdoyour_____atyourdesk.A.exercise;exerciseB.exercises;exercisesC.exercises;exerciseD.exercise;exercises例4单项选择Allthe_____teachersand_____studentsarehavingaparty.A.women;girlsB.women;girlC.woman;girlsD.woman;girl例5改错Mytrousersaretoolong,buthersistooshort.返回例6用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空:Idon’tthinkmaths_____(be)easy.例7单项选择:Mabelgaveme_____.A.twobreadB.somebreadsC.apiecebreadD.twopiecesofbread例8改错:ShallIwaitforyouattheschool’sgateatfivethisafter-noon?例9单项选择:_____motherisaworker.A.MaryandMike’sB.Mary’sandMike’sC.Mary’saneMikeD.MaryandMike返回例10单项选择:1.Aftertheexams,weshallhave_____holiday.A.twomonthsB.two-monthC.atwo–monthD.atwomonths2.MrSmithis_____.A.EnglishB.EnglishmanC.EnglishwomanD.Englishmen3.WangLeiwasborninWuhan,butGuangzhouhasbecomehersecond_____.AfamilyB.homeC.houseD.country4.MostEnglishpeople’sfamilynamecomes_____A.firstB.middleC.lastD.together5.Thereisa_____overtheriver.A.shipB.boatC.bridgeD.village例13改错You’dbetterhavewalkaftersupper.返回Ⅰ用括号中所给词的适当形式填空:1.Thetwogirlsare(Japan).2.The(baby)areasleep.3.Doyouknowthetwo(manteacher)?4.The(child)arewashingtheir(foot).5.Therearetwo(people)andlotsof(sheep)inthefields.6.September10is(teacher)Day.7.Ithinkphysics(be)moreinterestingthanmaths.8.Don’tyouthinkthe(radio)aretoonoisy?9.Whose(knife)arethese?10.“Whosehouseisthis?”“It’sthe(Smith)”.返回Ⅱ单项选择:1.Theboydroppedtheandbrokeit.A.cupofcoffeeB.coffee’scupC.cupforcoffeeD.coffeecup2.Intime,thosemountainswillbecoveredwithtrees,too.A.fewyearsB.afewyears’C.afewyearD.afewyear’s3.Grannyisbadlyill.Wehavetotakehertothe.A.farmB.postofficeC.shipD.hospital4.Ihavetotellyou.A.anewsB.manynewsC.apieceofgoodnewsD.manynewses5.aresoldinthatshop.A.Men’sandchildren’sshoesB.Men’sandchild’sshoesC.Men’sandchildrenshoesD.Manandchildshoes6.Ifanyonecomestoseeme,askhimtoleavea.A.messageB.letterC.sentenceD.notice7.MissSmithisafriendof.A.Mary’smother’sB.MarymotherC.Marymother’sD.Mother’sofMary.8.Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller.A.pieceB.kindC.copyD.pair9.It’smydog.A.sisterLily’sB.sister’sLily’sC.sisterLilyD.sister’sLily10.ShehadbeautifulblackbutIcouldseesomewhite.A.hair;hairB.hairs;hairsC.hair;hairsD.hairs;hair返回名词前的修饰词:①放在可数名词复数前的有:many(许多),(only)afew(一些),few(没有),②放在不可数名词复数前的有:much(许多),(only)alittle(一些),little(没有)③(可数、不可数前)都可放的词有:alotof(许多),lotsof(许多),some(一些)做单选题时判断可数不可数的标志