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Chapter1alloy合金atomic-scalearchitecture原子尺度结构(构造brittle脆性的ceramic陶瓷composite复合材料concrete混凝土conductor?导体crystalline?晶态的devitrified反玻璃化的(晶化的ductility(可延(展性,可锻性electronicandmagneticmaterial?电子和磁性材料element元素fiberglass玻璃钢glass玻璃glass-ceramic玻璃陶瓷/微晶玻璃insulator绝缘体materialsscienceandengineering材料科学与工程materialsselection材料选择metallic金属的microcircuitry微电路microscopic-scalearchitecture微观尺度结构(构造noncrystalline非晶态的nonmetallic非金属的oxide氧化物periodictable周期表plastic塑性的、塑料polyethylene聚乙烯polymer聚合物property性能(质refractory耐火材料、耐火的semiconductor半导体silica石英、二氧化硅silicate硅酸盐silicon硅steel钢structuralmaterial结构材料wood木材Chapter7aluminumalloy铝合金grayiron灰口铁amorphousmetal无定形金属high-alloysteel高合金钢austeniticstainlesssteel奥氏体不锈钢high-strengthlow-alloysteel高强度低合金钢Brinellhardnessnumber布氏硬度值Hooke’slaw胡克定律carbonsteel碳钢impactenergy冲击能castiron铸铁leadalloy铅合金CharpytestCharpy试验low-alloysteel低合金钢coldworking冷作加工loweryieldpoint屈服点下限copperalloy铜合金magnesiumalloy镁合金creepcurve蠕变曲线malleableiron可锻铸铁primarystage第一(初期阶段martensiticstainlesssteel马氏体不锈钢secondarystage第二阶段modulusofelasticity弹性模量tertiary(final?stage第三(最后阶段modulusofrigidity刚性模量dislocationclimb位错攀(爬移nickelalloy镍合金ductileiron球墨铸铁nickel-aluminumsuperalloy镍铝超合金ductile-to-brittletransitiontemperature韧性-脆性转变温度nonferrousalloy非铁合金ductility(可延(展性,可锻性plasticdeformation塑性变形elasticdeformation弹性变形Poission’sratio泊松比engineeringstrain工程应变preciousmetal贵金属engineeringstress工程应力precipitation-hardenedstainlesssteel沉淀(脱溶硬化不锈钢fatiguecurve疲劳曲线rapidlysolidifiedalloy速凝合金/快速固化合金fatiguestrength(endurancelimit疲劳强度(耐久极限refractory?metal耐火(高温金属ferriticstainlesssteel铁素体不锈钢Rockwellhardness洛氏硬度ferrousalloy铁基合金shearmodulus剪(切模量fracturemechanics断裂机制shearstrain剪(切应变fracturetoughness断裂韧性shearstress剪(切应力gagelength标距(长度,计量长度,有效长度solutionhardening固溶强化galvanization电镀,镀锌steel钢strainhardening应变强化whiteiron白铁,白口铁superalloy超合金wroughtalloy可锻(锻造、轧制合金tensilestrength拉伸强度yieldpoint屈服点titaniumalloy钛合金yieldstrength屈服强度toolsteel工具钢Young’smodulus杨氏模量toughness韧性zincalloy锌合金upperyieldpoint屈服点上限Chapter8annealingpoint退火点linearcoefficientofthermalexpansion线性热膨胀系数refractory耐火材料borosilicateglass硼硅酸盐玻璃expansion膨胀silicate硅酸盐brittlefracture脆性断裂magneticceramic磁性陶瓷silicateglass硅酸盐玻璃clay粘土meltingrange熔化(温度范围soda-limesilicaglass钠钙硅酸盐玻璃color颜色modulusofrupture断裂模量softeningpoint软化点cosinelaw余弦定律networkformer网络形成体specularreflection镜面反射creep蠕变netwrokmodifier网络修饰体/网络外体staticfatigue静态疲劳crystallineceramic晶态陶瓷nonoxideceramic非氧化物陶瓷structuralclayproduct粘土类结构制品diffusereflection漫反射nonsilicateglass非硅酸盐玻璃surfacegloss表面光泽E-glass电子玻璃(E玻璃nonsilicateoxideceramic非硅酸盐氧化物陶瓷temperedglass钢化玻璃electronicceramic电子陶瓷nuclearceramic核用陶瓷thermalconductivity热传导率enamel搪瓷nucleate成(形核thermalshock热震Fourier’slaw傅立叶定律Opacity乳浊transformationtoughening相变增韧fracturetoughness断裂韧性opticalproperty光学性质translucency半透明Fresnel’sformulaFresnel公式partiallystabilizedzirconia??部分稳定氧化锆transparency透明glass玻璃polardiagram极坐标图viscosity粘度glass-ceramic玻璃陶瓷/微晶玻璃pottery陶器(制造术viscousdeformation粘性变形glasstransitiontemperature玻璃转变温度pureoxide纯氧化物vitreoussilica无定形二氧化硅/石英玻璃glaze釉reflectance反射(率whiteware白瓷GriffithcrackmodelGriffith裂纹模型refractiveindex折射率workingrange工作(温度范围intermediate中间体/中间的Chapter9Chapter10admixture外加剂fiberglass玻璃钢metal-matrixcomposite金属基复合材料aggregate聚集体fiber-reinforcedcomposite纤维增强复合材料particulatecomposite颗粒复合材料aggregatecomposite聚集体复合材料hardwood硬质木材polymer-matrixcomposite聚合物基复合材料anisotropic各向异性hemicellulose半纤维素portlandcement波特兰水泥cement水泥interfacialstrength界面结合强度propertyaveraging性能平均ceramic-matrixcomposite陶瓷基复合材料isostrain等应变radialcell径向细胞concrete混凝土isotress等应力softwood软质木材continuousfiber连续纤维isotropic各向同性specificstrength比强度discrete(choppedfiber不连续(短切纤维laminate层状的strength-to-weightratio强度质量比率dispersion-strengthenedmetal弥散强化金属lignin木质素whisker晶须longitudinalcell经向(纵向纤维wood木材wovenfabric纺织构造E-glass电子玻璃matrix基质(体philosophy基本原理crossover交叉,穿过,跨越restriction限制(定configuration构造(形式,结构align使成一直线(一行elongate拉长(的/延伸(的aggregate集料,粒料,骨料chop切utility效用,实用,功用inregardfor考虑到cite引用(证、述,援引,列举,举出(例,提到,谈到embed埋置,把?嵌入(或插入dielectric电介质implication含意(义epoxy环氧树脂polyester聚酯polyetheretherketone(PEEK聚醚酮醚polyphenylenesulfide(PPS聚苯亚砜entrant新到者requisite必需的imitate仿deciduous每年落叶的,非永久的commonality共性,共同特点dramatic生动的vertically竖直地,直立地longitudinal经度的,纵向的sap树液cellulose纤维素alignment直线排列phenol-propane苯酚-丙烷manifest显示,出现,显露dimension尺寸specify详细说明staggering令人惊愕的igneous火成的inspection检查,视察interstice空隙,裂缝enclose包围,封闭entrain混(气泡于混凝土中entrap截留的,夹杂的thaw融化(解,解冻identify认识,鉴定,确定generality一般(性,一般原则,普遍(性,通则consistentwith与?一致emphasis强调,重点,重要性axially轴向weightedaverage加权平均elementary基本的reverse相反的rigorous严格的,严密的,精确的bound限度takeforgranted被忽略(视communicate传达,传递deflect偏转unlessotherwisestate除非另外说明appreciation正确评价,鉴别substantial多的,大的,大量的offset弥补,抵消,偏移assembly装配,组装,总成Chapter11capacitor电容器electron-holepair电子-空穴对piezoelectriccouplingcoefficient压电耦合系数ceramic陶瓷electronicconduction电子传导piezoelectriceffect压电效应chargecarrier载流子energyband能带polymer聚合物chargedensity电荷密度energybandgap能隙positivechargecarrier正载流子coercivefield矫顽(电场energylevel能级PZT锆钛酸铅conductionband导带extrinsicsemiconductor非本征半导体remanentpolarization剩余极化conductivity传导率Fermifunct