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CHMS-020汽车术语Ⅱ发动机名称/术语Name/Terms1发动机类型Enginetype内燃机Internalcombustionengine火花点火式发动机Sparkignitionengine压燃式发动机Compressionignitionengine汽油机Gasolineengine汽油喷射式发动机Gasolineinjectionengine化油器式发动机Carburetorengine柴油机Dieselengine直接喷射式柴油机Directinjectionengine间接喷射式柴油机Indirectinjectionengine氢燃料发动机Hydrogenfuelengine二冲程发动机Two-strokeengine四冲程发动机Four-strokeengine水冷式发动机Water-cooledengine风冷式发动机Air-cooledengine直列式发动机in-lineengine直列四缸发动机I－4Engine直列六缸发动机I－6EngineV形发动机Veeengine（V-typeengine）V型四缸发动机V－4EngineV型六缸发动机V－6Engine增压式发动机Superchargedengine184CHMS-020汽车术语Ⅱ发动机名称/术语Name/Terms2发动机性能和特性Engineperformance&characteristics2.1发动机性能Engineperformance动力性能Powerperformance排放性能Emissionperformance加速性能Accelerationperformance起动性能Startingperformance加载性能Loadingperformance经济性能Economicperformance2.2发动机特性Enginecharacteristics调整特性Regulationcharacteristics速度特性Fixedthrottlecharacteristics外特性Fullload（fullthrottle）characteristic部分特性Partialloadcharacteristics负荷特性Constantspeedcharacteristics空转特性Noloadcharacteristics万有特性Crosssectionalcharacteristics3技术参数与工作过程Technicalparameter&workingprocess发动机排量Enginedisplacement压缩比Compressionratio气缸直径Cylinderbore，Cylinderdiameter194CHMS-020汽车术语Ⅱ发动机名称/术语Name/Terms活塞行程Pistonstroke行程缸径比Stroke-boreratio标准缸径Standardcylinderbore气缸数Numberofcylinders上止点Topdeadcenter下止点Bottomdeadcenter气缸总容积Totalcylindervolume气缸工作容积Cylinderworkingvolume点（发）火次序Firingorder燃烧室容积Combustionchambervolume气门重叠角Valveoverlap进气持续角Intakedurationangle排气持续角Exhaustdurationangle凸轮升程Camlobelift气门升程Valvelift气门正时Valvetiming曲轴主轴承轴径Crankshaftmainbearingjournaldiameter曲轴主轴承宽度Crankshaftmainbearingjournalwidth曲轴主轴承间隙Crankshaftmainbearingclearance曲轴轴向间隙Crankshaftendplay凸轮轴轴承轴颈Crankshaftbearingjournal连杆轴颈宽度Connectingrodjournalwidth204CHMS-020汽车术语Ⅱ发动机名称/术语Name/Terms气门杆与导管间隙Valvestemtoguideclearance液压挺柱间隙Hydraulictappetclearance摇臂比Rockerarmratio推杆直径Pushroddiameter气门锥面角度Valvefaceangle活塞与缸壁间隙Piston-to-boreclearance活塞环侧隙Pistonringsideclearance活塞环开口间隙Pistonringgapclearance活塞环槽高度Pistonringgrooveheight活塞环槽直径Pistonringgroovediameter活塞销直径Pistonpindiameter活塞销孔直径Pistonpinborediameter进气门座角度Intakevalveseatangle排气门座角度Exhaustvalveseatangle气门座宽度Valveseatwidth空燃比Airfuelratio最大转矩Maximumtorque升转矩Torqueperliter额定功率Ratedpower总功率Grosspower净功率Netpower有效功率Brakepower214CHMS-020汽车术语Ⅱ发动机名称/术语Name/Terms升功率Horsepowerperliter额定转速Ratedspeed最大转矩转速Speedatmaximumtorque最低稳定工作转速Lowestcontinuousspeedwithload怠速转速Idlingspeed发动机负荷EngineLoad全负荷Fullload部分负荷Partialload机油压力Oilpressure机油容量Oilcapacity机油消耗率Specificoilconsumption最低燃油消耗率Minimumspecificfuelconsumption有效热效率Effectivethermalefficiency冷却液容量Coolantcapacity空气消耗量Airconsumption示功图Indicatordiagram进气行程Intakestroke压缩行程Compressionstroke膨胀行程Expansionstroke排气行程Exhauststroke发动机工作循环Enginecycle扫气Scavengine224CHMS-020汽车术语Ⅱ发动机名称/术语Name/Terms压缩Compression做功Power排气Exhaust4缸体，曲轴，连杆机构Cylinder,Crankshaft,Connectingrod气缸体总成Cylinderblockassembly气缸体Cylinderblock曲轴箱Crankcase气缸盖Cylinderhead气缸盖螺栓Cylinderheadmountingbolt气缸垫Cylinderheadgasket预燃室Precombustionchamber燃烧室Combustionchamber活塞Piston活塞销Pistonpin活塞销衬套Pistonpinbushing活塞环Pistonring压缩环（气环）Compressionring(Gasring)刮油环（油环）Scrapperring(Oilring)活塞环衬簧Pistonringexpander第一压缩环Topcompressionring第二压缩环Secondcompressionring234CHMS-020汽车术语Ⅱ发动机名称/术语Name/Terms连杆Connectingrod连杆盖Connectingrodcap连杆大头Connectingrodbigend连杆小头Connectingrodsmallend连杆轴承Connectingrodbearing连杆螺栓Connectingrodbolt曲轴Crankshaft曲轴主轴颈Crankshaftmainjournal曲轴主轴承Crankshaftmainbearing主轴承盖Mainbearingcap上衬瓦Upperinsert下衬瓦Lowerinsert曲轴止推轴承Crankshaftthrustbearing曲轴前油封Frontcrankshaftseal曲轴后油封Rearcrankshaftseal曲柄Crank曲柄臂Crankarm曲柄销Crankpin平衡重Balanceweight曲轴正时齿轮Crankshafttiminggear曲轴减振器Crankshaftvibrationdamper曲轴减振器皮带轮Vibrationdamperpulley244CHMS-020汽车术语Ⅱ发动机名称/术语Name/Terms曲轴链轮Crankshaftsprocket飞轮Flywheel飞轮齿圈Flywheelringgear飞轮惯性矩（飞轮转动惯量）Flywheelmomentofinertia5配气机构Valvemechanism(Valvegear)凸轮轴Camshaft顶置凸轮轴Overheadcamshaft侧置凸轮轴Sidecamshaft凸轮Cam凸轮轴轴颈Camshaftjournal凸轮轴轴承Camshaftbearing凸轮轴偏心距Camshafteccentric凸轮轴链轮Camshaftsprocket凸轮轴正时齿轮Camshafttiminggear正时齿轮盖Timinggearcover正时标记Timingmark凸轮包角Camangle(Dwell)凸轮尖Camnose进气凸轮Inletcam排气凸轮Exhaustcam正时链条Timingchain254CHMS-020汽车术语Ⅱ发动机名称/术语Name/Terms正时链条张紧器Timingchaintensioner正时链条缓冲器Timingchainsnubber气门Valve顶置气门Overheadvalve侧置气门Sidevalve气门布局Valvearrangement四气门布局FourValvearrangement五气门布局FiveValvearrangement进气门Intakevalve稀薄混合气进气门Leanmixtureinletvalve富油混合气进气门Richmixtureinletvalve排气门Exhaustvalve气门头Valvehead气门杆Valvestem气门座Valveseat进气门密封Intakevalvestemseal排气门密封Exhaustvalvestemseal气门导管Valveguide气门弹簧Valvespring气门弹簧座圈Valvespringretainer气门弹簧座锁夹Valvespringretainerlock气门挺柱Valvetappet264CHMS-020汽车术语Ⅱ发动机名称/术语Name/Terms液压挺柱Hydraulictappet推杆Pushrod气门摇臂Valverockerarm摇臂轴Rockerarmshaft摇臂枢轴Rockerarmpivot摇臂过桥Rockerarmbridge摇臂支架Rockerarmbracket气门室罩Cylinderheadcover气门室罩衬垫Cylinderheadcovergasket6供给系Supplysystem6.1电子燃油喷射系统Electronicfuelinjectionsystem多点燃油喷射Multi-pointfuelinjection(MPI)单点燃油喷射Single-pointfuelinjection(SPI)发动机控制组件Enginecontrolmodule开环控制Openloopcontrol闭环控制Closeloopcontrol喷油起点Fuelinjectionbeginning喷油终点Fuelinjectionend喷油正时Injectiontiming喷油延迟Injectiondelay节气门（节流阀）体Throttleb