初中英语介词课件

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preposition介词河南省商城县观庙一中穆正东介词是一种用来表示词与词,词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词的含义什么是介词?它的作用是什么?1.Lookatme.()2.Hegoestoschoolbybike.()3.Heisinterestedindrawing.()4.Thebookisonthedesk.()代词名词动名词介词:通常用在_________、_______、_______之前,表示某个人、事物/东西、事件与另一个之间的_________。名词代词名词动名词关系介词的主要分类:1.atthecinema,inthehospital__________2.Writewithapen,gobybus___________3.insummer,onSeptemper1st___________4.bytheway,atlast,intheend___________地点介词方式介词时间介词固定搭配一.地点介词1.atthevillage,athome,atthecornerofthestreet..______________________2.inShanghai,inthecountry,inAsia,intheworld,inspace…_______________________3.inthebox,onthechair,underthedesk,nexttoKate,ontherightofLucy,infrontofthehouse,behindthedoor…_________________________表示小地方用at表示大地方用in表示不同地方用具体不同的介词填上正确的地点介词:1.在广州_______Guangzhou2.在电影院_______thecinema3.在湖边_______thelake4.在海里_______thesea5.树上的苹果apples______thetree6.书上的小鸟birds______thetree7.在天空上______thesky8.在教室外_________theclassroom9.在农场上________thefarm10.在街道上________thestreetinatbyinonininoutsideonin二.方式介词1.writewithapen,cutwithaknife,lockwithalock…____________________2.seewithoureyes,dowithourhands,smellwithournoses,eatwithourmouths…____________________3.inEnglish,inFrench,inyourownwords,inthreelanguage…_____________________4.inaloudvoice,inalowvoice…___________________5.inthisway,bythismeans…___________________使用工具用介词with使用器官用介词with使用语言用介词in使用声音用介词in使用方法用介词in或by6.bybike,bybus,bytrain,byplane,byship,bycar…(onfoot)byland陆路,bysea水路,byair空运_________________但:onthebike,onthebus,onthetrain,ontheplane,ontheship,inthecar,inink…7.①Shanghailies___theeastofChina.()②Japanlies_____theeastofChina.()③Hubeilies_____thenorthofHunan.()8.inareadcoat,thegirlinyellow,theboyinwhite…__________________9.lieinbed,afterawhile,inthesun(在阳光下)underthesun(天下,世界上;到底,究竟)使用交通工具用byintoon在中国内部在中国外部两地接壤表示穿衣服用in固定搭配()三.时间介词1.atsixo’clock,atnoon,atthattime,athalfpastthree,atmid-night…________________2.onSunday,onNewYear’sDay,onMarch21st,onmybirthday…_________________3.inthreedays,inaweek,inamonth,inMay,in1998…_____________________4.inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening_____________________但:onthemorningofMay1st5.atnight=_________night6.intheday=inthe________表示点钟或具体一点时间用at表示在某一天用on表示大于一天的时间用in在早上/下午/傍晚用inintheday-timelater单独使用可用将来时或过去时态Theotherswilljoinuslater。lateron后来,再过些时候7.具体时间用不同的介词:在放假期间_____theholiday在圣诞节期间____Christmas三天之后threedays______(一般过去时)____threedays(一般过去时)____threedays(一般将来时)duringlateratafterin注意四、其它介词:…的,表示数量oftwokilosoffish作为assuchas关于about,onabookonIndia目的,原因,对于forShehurriedhomeforherhomework像….like…Sheislikehermother.离…offLucyfelloffherbikeandhurtherleftleg.五、习惯搭配:1)介词与名词:intheend.bytheway.duringtheday.forthefirsttimeintimeatthebeginningofinahurryonshowtoone’ssurpriseindanger2).名词与介词:thekeyto…aletterfor…aticketfor….avisitto….thedifferencebetween….and…3).动词与介词:talkaboutworryaboutlookafterlaughatarriveat/inhearfromoperateonapologizetoagreewithgothrough4)形容词与介词:begoodatbeexcitedatbedifferentfrombereadyforbelateforbesorryforbeinterestedinbecarefulofbeproudofbefullofbekeenonbeharmfultobekindtobepleasedwithbeangrywithbebusywith5).动介词组与动副词组动介:goovergetondependonoperateoncallonjoininarrivein动副thinkoverturnonputontakeoffseeoffgetinhandin6)容易出错的地方:1.Weshallbeverybusywith(in)June.2.Henrywaswaitingfor(at)thebusstop.3.Iamusedtowork(working)hard4.Wearelookingforwardtosee(seeing)you.六、易混淆介词辨析1、after/in皆可表示时间在……之后,其区别为:after①.表示“在某点时间之后”,用于将来时。如:We’llgooutforawalkaftersupper.②.表示“一段时间之后”,用于过去时。如:Mymothercamehomeafterhalfanhour.in表示“一段时间之后”,用于将来时。如:We’llgotoschoolintwoweeks.2、between/among1)between多指两者之间。如:What'sthedifferencebetweenthetwowords?2)among指三者或三者以上的同类事物之间,在或笼统的一群人或一些物之中,表示“在……中间,在……之中”。如:Theyoungpeoplelivedandworkedamongtheworkers.注意:我们可以说betweenyouandme,但不能说betweenyouandI,因为between是介词。3)between还可以用来指三个或三个以上的人或物的每两个之间。三个或三个以上的名词用and连接,前面用between,而不用among。如:Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthethreeofthem.Switzerlandlies_______France,Ger-many,AustriaandItaly.between3、besides/exceptWehaveseenthecrocodilebesidesLiFang(除……之外,还有)全部计算在内WeareallChineseexceptTominourclass.(除……之外,不计算在内)—Allthestudentsinourclasswenttothecinema___Kangkang,why?—Becausehehadabadcold.A.ExceptB.besidesC.BesideD.without【解析】except“除……之外”,排除……在外的意思;besides“除……之外”,包含……在内;beside“在…旁边”;without“没有”。根据题意可知用except,故选A。1.WeallpassedtheexamJenny(Jennypassedtoo)./Jenny(Jennydidn’tpass).2.Icandowait.3.WearehereMary.besidesexceptnothingbutallbutover表示与某物不接触的“正上方”,under与其相对,表示“正下方”。Theskyisoverourheads.天空在我们头顶上。Thecatisunderthetable.那只猫在桌子底下。above表示“在……的上方”,“高于”;below与其相对,表示“在…的下面”,“低于”。Thetemperaturewillstayabovezerointhedaytime,butatnightitwillfallbelowzeroagain.白天气温将保持在零度以上,但在晚上又将降到零度以下。on指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一的上面。Theyputsomeflowersontheteacher’sdesk.他们把一些花放在讲桌上。4、over,above,oncross作动词用,“穿过,越过”的意思。主要表示在物体表面上横穿。如横过马路、过桥、过河等,与goacross同义。例如:Becarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.过马路时要小心。Cross(Goacross)thebridge,andyouwillseeabigbuiding.过这座桥你就会看到一栋大楼。cross作名词用是“十字架,十字形饰物”的意思。across是介词,有“横跨,横穿,穿越”之意。across与go/walk等动词连用表示“穿过,越过,横穿”的意思。与cross基本同义,也是表示从物体表面经过。例如:Goacrosstheroad,youwill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