高中英语-定语从句-疑难点解析及疑难题目详解

高中英语定语从句疑难点解析及疑难题目详解编著者：王丽胜QQ：76002499E-mail:[e-mail]第1页共12页高中英语定语从句疑难点解析及疑难题目详解编著者：安徽亳州三中王丽胜I.只能用关系代词that的情况1.先行词里同时含有人和物时。如：IcanstillrememberthestudentsandpicturesthatIsawintheclassroom.2先行词被序数词或者形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级或基数词时。『无论指人、指物』如：LinZexuwasthefirstChinesethatopenedhiseyestotheworldinmodernChinesehistory.(这里的that不能换成who)Therearethreethatareinexcellentquality.ThisisthefirstplaythatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.ThisistheworstthatIhavemet.ThisisthebestcompositionthatIhavewritten.Heisthesecondstudentthatpassedtheexam.HeistheworstthatIhavemet.这是我见过的最差的一个。3.先行词被thevery,theonly,theright,thesame,thelast,theone,等词修饰时。如：ThisistheverylaptopthatIamgoingtobuy.Theonlythingthatmattersistofindourwayhome.That’stheonlythingthatwecandonow.4.先行词为everything,anything,something,nothing,none,theone(one见II-1)等不定代词时,或由every，any，some,no,noneof,等修饰时。如：Everythingthathehasdoneisinvain.他所做的一切都是徒劳的。Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknew.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Hedideverythingthathecandoforme.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingthatwassomeoneelse’sfault.Nonewsthathetellsusisgood.Ex.:Youcanonlybesureof_____youhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomething____youmightgetinthefuture.A.that;whatB.what;/C.which;thatD./;that答案：B解析：besureof后面缺少宾语，从句的have也缺少宾语，故第一个空选what引导宾语从句并且作have的宾语；第二个空是that引导的定语从句，that在定语从句中作宾语所以省略了。综上：第一个空必须是what，第二个空可以是that/不填。【**不同于上面所讲的everything,anything等不定代词的用法，先行词是one，ones,anyone或those指代人时，只能用who不能用that如：Shewassoangrythathesaidtoherfatherthathewouldnotmarryanyonewhocouldnotrunfasterthanher.】5.先行词是all，much,little,few，many,any，或先行词被all,much,liitle,few，many，any，every，no等所修饰时。AllthatIcandoforheristocrywithher.6.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,『无论指人还是指物，』都用that。此时的that常可省略。如:Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.(关系代词在定语从句中作表语)Heisnotthenaughtyboythathewasinthepast.7.主句是therebe结构，主语为物，其后的定语从句用that，不用which；高中英语定语从句疑难点解析及疑难题目详解编著者：王丽胜QQ：76002499E-mail:[e-mail]第2页共12页【主语是人，其后的定语从句用who,不用that】如：Onthetabletherearetwoapplesthatyoucantaketoschool.Intheofficethereisanoldladywhoiswaitingforyou.8.主句是who开头的特殊疑问句，该句中的定语从句的关系代词只能用that（或whom）。主句是which开头的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，该句中的定语从句的关系代词只能用that。WhoisthegirlthatissinginganEnglishsong?Whoisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?Whichisthebookthatyoulike?9.定语从句中套有另一个定语从句，期中一个关系代词已用which。Hevisitedafactorywhichproducedthingsthatsoldwell.他参观了一个工厂，其制造的产品很畅销。II.适合用who而不用that指人的情况：1.先行词是one,ones,anyone,those等指人的不定代词。（theone见Ｉ－４）Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.一个无所畏惧的人敢于说真话。2.先行词后有后置定语。I’mwritingtoafriendinEnglandwhoisstudyinginOxfordUniversity.3.在therebe结构中。Therearemanyyoungpeoplewholikehissongverymuch.4.一个句子中有两个定语从句，期中一个用了that，为避免重复另一个宜用who。ThegirlthatyoumetyesterdayisanEnglishteacherwhoteacheswell.III.只能用关系代词which的情况1.关系代词前面有介词时。如：ThisisthehouseinwhichweliveinNewZealand.(不可以是inthat)2.先行词为that，those，并且指物时，要用which。如：What’sthatwhichisfloatingontheriver?河里漂着的那个东西是什么？【如果先行词是that，those，但是指人时，要用who或whom,不能用that】如：Theparkwillalsohonorthosewhohelpedthesurvivors.Thosewhowanttoseethefilmpleasewritedownyournameshere.3.引导非限制性定语从句时。如：Theirsoncameback,whichmadeMr.andMrs.EdisonHappy.4.一个句子同时有两个定语从句，其中一个是由that引导的，另一个用who，以免重复。（指人时）IV.as做关系代词1.关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。as引导限制性定语从句，常用于下列句式：①such+名词+as…“像……一样的；像……之类”thesame+名词+as…“和……同样的”Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.(as作主语)我们已找到了他们工厂里用的那种材料。我想读你看的那本书。Iwanttoreadsuchabookasyouread.=Iwanttoreadthesamebookasyouread.②…suchas…such为代词，意为“这样的人或物”，as引导定语从句、先行词是such。ThisbookisnotsuchasIexpect.这不是一本我所期望的书。as引导非限制性定语从句，可以指代整个句子的内容，置于主句前面或后面。高中英语定语从句疑难点解析及疑难题目详解编著者：王丽胜QQ：76002499E-mail:[e-mail]第3页共12页Asyouknow,thatdictionarywaswrittenchieflyforChinesestudents.你知道的，那本字典是专为中国学生编写的。Herperformancewaswonderful,aswehadexpected.=Herperformancewaswonderful,whichwehadexpected.(as引导非限制性定语从句，置于主句后面时，可以用which代替as)正如我们所预料的，她的表演棒极了。众所周知，中国是个发展中国家。Asweallknow,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Ex.:(2009天津高考，14)ItraveltotheBinhaiNewAreabylightrailwayeveryday,____domanybusinessmenwholiveindowntownTianjin.A.asB.whichC.whenD.though解析：as+do+主语结构表示“A……B也一样”，as位于从句首，助动词提前构成倒装。2.as与which的区别定语从句区别限制性定语从句中1.名词前有such和thesame修饰时，关系代词用as，不能用which。2.名词前有such修饰时，若从句是一个完整的句子，用that，此时that引导结果状语从句。若从句不是完整的句子，如缺少主语、宾语，用as引导定语从句。3.thesame…as…指同样或同类的，thesame…that…指同一个。非限制性定语从句中4.as和which都指代前面整个句子的内容。as译为“正如，像”，放在主句前、后皆可；which译为“这件事”，只能放在主句后。【2】ThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishthatIcanreadit.(结果状语从句，that从句中不缺主语、宾语，that只起连接作用，无词义，不作句子成分)ThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishasIcanread.(宾语从句，as代指book，在从句中作read的宾语)【3】ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday.(同类)ThisisthesamebookthatIlentyouyesterday.(同一个)【4】Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.(表示预料之中)Theywonthegame,whichwehadnotexpected.(表示预料之外)【4】Aswasplanned,wemetattheschoolgate.【5】Summary:thesame---as---和thesame---that----都是定语从句；such--------as---是定语从句；such----that-----是结果状语从句。V.介词+which/whom引导定语从句的特点：Partⅰ1.关系代词用作介词的宾语时，介词可以放于从句句首也可放于从句句末；介词放于从句句末时，关系代词可省略。如：Thisistheperson(whom)youaregoingtoworkwith.2.当先行词指人时，并且介词放在定语从句的句首时，关系代词要用whom，而不用who；指物时要用which，而不用that。注意：1.一些固定搭配中，一般不将介词与动词分开，将介词提到关系代词