中考语法复习要点(名词代词冠词)

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中考语法复习要点(一)名词考点1:不可数名词不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词,它们不能直接和表示数字的词或不定冠词连用,也没有复数形式。如:air,time,money,paper,news,traffic,information,advice,weather,homework,work等。它们常可以借助数量词来表示一定的数量。如:apieceofnews(一则新闻)、twobottlesofwater(两瓶水)、fourpiecesofadvice(四条建议)、sixpiecesofpaper(六张纸)不可数名词应注意以下几点:(1)前无数、冠,后无复数;作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数.(2)表量用约数some/any;much;alotof或用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”Thereis____breadonthetable.[C]A.aB.oneC.apieceofD.manyThereissome_______ontheplate.[B]A.appleB.fishC.milksD.deer考点2:专有名词用于表示事物、人物、地点、组织或国家等名称的词。如:China,TheGreatWall,UncleLi,Lucy考点3:可数名词单数变为复数的几条规律1.一般直接加—sgirl—girlsmap—mapsdesk—desks2.以_s,_x,_sh,_ch结尾的单词常在词尾加—esbus—busesglass—glassesbox—boxesbrush—brusheswatch—watchesmatch—matches3.以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再加—esstory—storiesbaby—babiescountry—countries,party—partiescity—citiesfamily—families但是以元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加—s变复数。如boys、monkeys、holidays等。4.以—o结尾的词变复数。①加—es,如:黑人(negro)英雄(hero)西红柿(tomato)和土豆(potato)复数加(es)Negroesandheroeslikeeatingtomatoesandpotatoes.(黑人和英雄喜欢吃西红柿和土豆。)②结尾是两个元音字母的加s,eg.zoo—zoos,radio—radios③某些外来词变复数时词尾加s,eg.piano—pianos④一些名词的缩写形式变复数时,词尾加s,eg.photo(photograph)—photos,kilo(kilogram)kilos⑤zero变复数时,既可加s,也可加es:zeros/zeroes5.将词尾f(e)变为ves的单词熟记口诀。树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄,妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)上山岗,架(shelf)后窜出一只狼(wolf),好像强盗(thief)逃命(life)忙。(注意:roof的复数为roofs;scarf的复数为scarfs/scarves)6.单数名词变复数的不规则变化:child—childrenfoot—feettooth—teethgoose—geeseman—menwoman—womenpoliceman—policemenmouse—mice7.还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。sheep,deer,fish8.另一些名词本身即是复数形式,不可用作单数。people,police,trousers,pants,clothes,scissors等9.两个名词组成的名词词组常在最后一个名词加—s:girlstudentstwinsistersappletrees但如果前面名词是man或woman时两个名词都变womandoctor—womendoctorsmanworker—menworkers10.表示民族的单复数常有下列三种变化:①单复数相同:Chinese—ChineseJapanese—Japanese②将man变为menEnglishman—EnglishmenFrenchman—Frenchmen③其余在后面+sGerman—GermansAmerican—AmericansIndian—IndiansAustralian—AustraliansCanadian—Canadians11.既可做可数名词也可做不可数名词:单词可数不可数单词可数不可数glass玻璃杯玻璃paper报纸,试卷纸room房间空间chicken小鸡鸡肉fish鱼鱼肉orange桔子桔子汁考点4:名词所有格:1.—’s结构:在英语中,有生命事物的名词以及表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词,常在词尾加“'s”来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格。如:myfather'scar我父亲的汽车、students'book学生用书。名词所有格的构成规则如下:①直接在词尾后加“'s”,如:thegirl'sbackpack,today'snewspaper,Tom'sbike,someoneelse’sbook,men'sroom,Children'sDay,Women'sDay②以s结尾的名词只须加“'”。如:theteachers'office,thestudents'reading-room,theworkers'club,Teachers'Day③并列名词的所有格要格外小心。如:LilyandLucy'sroom(两人共有一个房间)Lily'sandLucy'srooms(每人分别占有一个房间)④表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词,加“'s”构成所有格。如:fifteenminutes'walk步行十五分钟的路程theworld'spopulation世界人口注意:表示某人的家和店铺或教堂的名字时,名词所有格的后面经常不出现它所修饰的词。如:atLiLei's在李雷的家atthedoctor's在医务室2.of结构:一些无生命的名词的所有格,可用of短语来表达。如:thetitleofthetext(课文的标题)thefootofthehill(山脚)3.双重所有格结构:即's结构和of结构相结合。如:afriendofmyfather's我父亲的一个朋友acarofMrs.Brown's布朗太太的一辆车astudentofTom'smother'sTom的妈妈的一个学生注意:theanswertothequestion问题的答案thekeytothedoor门的钥匙()1._______________mothersbothworkinthesamehospital.(08·广东)A.TimandPeter’sB.Tim’sandPeterC.Tim’sandPeter’sD.TimandPeter中考接链()2.—_____thatnewbikeoverthere?—Ithinkit’s_____.(09·深圳)A.Who’s;SamB.Who’s;Sam’sC.Whoseis;SamD.Whoseis;Sam’s()3.—Couldyoutake____forthese_____?Theyareverybeautiful.(09·广东)A.anyphotos;tomatoesB.somephotos;tomatoesC.somephotos;tomatosD.anyphotoes;tomatoes()4.—What’syourfavorite_____?(09·湖北襄樊)—Summer.BecauseIcanswimintheriverinsummer.A.subjectB.seasonC.musicD.sport()5.Iamthirsty.Wouldyoubringme____________,please?(03·广东)A.somebreadB.somewaterC.somecakesD.someeggs写出下列名词的复数形式。1.bus____________2.glass________3.box_________4.watch___________5.tomato_________6.radio_________7.photo________8.zoo______________9.city____________10.factory_______11.country______12.baby_____________13.key___________14.boy__________15.life_________16.leaf______________17.thief__________18.Chinese_______19.Frenchman____20.German___________21.Japanese_______22.American______23.sheep________24.foot_______________25.tooth__________26.child__________27.mouse________28.policeman__________29.deer__________30.goose__________()1.Inourschooltherearefifty—five___.A.womenteachersB.womanteachers完形空填选择空填C.womenteacherD.woman’steacher()2.Agroupof______willvisitthemuseumtomorrow.A.CanadianB.JapaneseC.AustralianD.American()3.—Whatwouldyoulike,madam?—I’dlike_______,please.A.twobottlesoforangeB.twobottlesoforangesC.twobottleoforangesD.twobottleoforange()4.—Doyouknowhowmany_____ahorsehasandhowmany_____abeehas?—Ofcourse.Iknow.A.teeth;footB.tooth;footC.foot;teethD.teeth;feet()5.Ihavegot___newsfrommyfriend.Doyouwanttoknow?A.apieceofB.anyC.averygoodD.twopieces()6.MyfriendDavehelpedmealotbygivingme_____onEnglishlearning.A.advicesB.manyadviceC.someadviceD.muchadvice()7.Iwon’tgotherewithyou,forIhavealotof____todo.A.worksB.workingC.jobD.work()8.Heoftenhas____forbreakfast.A.twobreadsB.twopiecesofbreadsC.twopiecesofbreadsD.twopiecesofbread()9.Therearesome_____inthese_____.A.knifes;pencil—boxesB.knives;pencils—boxC.knives;pencil—boxesD.knives;pencils—boxs()10._____hate______byair.A.Greens;travelingB.TheGreen;travelingC.TheGreens;travelD.TheGreens;traveling()11.Iwonderwhy_____areinterestedinactionfilms.A.thepeopleB.peopleC.peoplesD.thepeoples()12.________roomisonthe5thfloor.A.Lucya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