商务英语翻译

商务英语翻译翻译与写作写作是翻译的基础翻译的过程——笔译理解：理解别人的写作表达：自己的有条件的创作GRACE和C原则同样适用于翻译汉英翻译中的表达技巧也适用于英语写作由于跨文化的因素，翻译更复杂商务翻译能力双语语言能力双语文化能力双语转换能力商务体裁能力：体裁的分析、理解与生成跨文化商务沟通能力：人际、情感、关系国际商务知识与技能研究与技术能力上述各方面同时也是翻译涉及的要素TermsRepertoireContractandotherlegaldocumentsInternationaltradeInternationalsettlementTechnicaltermsAbbreviationsIdiomaticexpressions广泛的资料来源,长时间的积累,丰富的经验PresentFocus:grammarandwordsGrammaticalanalysisofsentencesStrategiestomakeconciseexpressionsConciseClearCompleteConcretecorrect书面语与口语的区别英语书面语(注意与口语的差别,与汉语的差别)一个句子结构只有一个核心谓语动词主要信息浓缩在名词词组中名词化现象突出,静态语言名词化,是指词性作用的名词性转换,包括起名词作用的非谓语动词和与动词同根或同形的名词,也包括一些形容词来源的名词英语书面语表达的策略主宾的位置要求动词或其他词语的名词化注意动名词\分词\不定式\抽象名词的使用理清语法关系,注意凝字炼句简化句法结构,能用词组或短语作修饰成分的尽量不用从句动词转名词形容词转名词discover-discoverycareless-carelessnessmove-movementdifficult-difficultyreact-reactiondifferent-differencefail-failureapplicable-applicabilityrefuse-refusalintense-intensity名词化的形容词1.有些形容词可以和定冠词连用，表示一类人，这可称为名词化的形容词：Theseseatsareforthedisabled.这些座位是给残疾人坐的。Inthesecountries,thepoorgetpoorer,therichgetricher.在这些国家，穷人越来越穷，富人越来越富。Theyaregoingtobuildaschoolfortheblind.他们准备盖一所盲人学校。Shewasalwaysgoodwiththeunfortunate.她对不幸的人总是很好的。2.定冠词还可以与-ch,-sh,-ese等结尾表示国家的形容词连用，表示这些国家的人：TheFrenchliketoeatwell.法国人饮食很讲究。TheChinesewereahighlycivilizedpeoplelongbeforetheEuropeanswere.早在欧洲人之前，中国人已是一个有高度文化的民族。theDutch荷兰人theSpanish西班牙人theWelsh威尔士人theBurmese缅甸人theJapanese日本人theSwiss瑞士人3.有些形容词还可以和the连用，表示抽象的事物：Don’texpectthemtodotheimpossible.不要指望他们做不可能的事。Sheadmiredthemystical.她喜欢那些神奇古怪的东西。Thiswasnothingoutoftheordinary.这没有什么特别之处。Theiraimwastodiscoverthegood,thebeautifulandthetrue.他们的目的是寻求真、善、美。4.在某些习惯用语中也包含名词化的形容词：Areyouleavingtheplaceforgood?你离开这里不再回来了吗？IwillgiveyouanansweronFridayatthelatest.我最迟星期五给你一个回答。Shetookleaveofusintheliveliestspirits.她兴致很好地和我们告别了。谓语动词的宾语名词化我不知道她什么意思,也不知道他想干什么.原句：Idonotunderstandeitherwhatshemeantorwhatheintends.名词化：Idonotunderstandeitherhermeaningorhisintentions.名词化和被动结合起来如果人们没有足够的说服性信息就决策…原句：Ifpeopledecidewithoutenoughpersuasiveinformation，名词化：Ifadecisionismadewithoutenoughpersuasiveinformation，取代诸如从句中“thefactthat”我否认了他的指控,这给陪审团留下了深刻印象.原句：ThefactthatIdeniedwhatheaccusedmeofimpressedthejury.名词化：Mydenialofhisaccusationsimpressedthejury.或：a.WhenIdeniedhisaccusations,Iimpressedthejury.b.Indenyinghisaccusations,Iimpressedthejury.thereis/are+名词化我们要求政府停止对娱乐业征税.原句：Wedemandthatthegovernmentstoptaxingentertainment.名词化：Thereisademandforanendtotaxationonentertainment.动词+名词化警察调查了这个事件.原句：Thepoliceinvestigatedthematter.名词化：Thepoliceconductedaninvestigationintothematter.名词化成分作为主语我们讨论了减税问题.原句：Wediscussedataxcut.名词化：Ourdiscussionisconcernedwithataxcut.SamplejobapplicationletterYouradvertisementforanassistantproductmanager,appearingMay22inSectionCoftheDenverPost,immediatelycaughtmyattentionbecausemyeducationandtrainingcloselyparallelyourneeds.Accordingtoyouradvertisement,thejobincludesassistinginthecoordinationofawiderangeofmarketingprogramsaswellasanalyzingsalesresultsandtrackingmarketingbudgets.ArecentinternshipatVentanaCorporationintroducedmetosimilartasks.Assistingthemarketingmanagerenabledmetoanalyzethepromotion,budget,andoverallsalessuccessoftwoproductsVentanawasevaluating.Myten-pagereportexaminedthenatureofthecurrentmarket,theproducts'lifecycles,andtheirsales/profitreturn.Inadditiontothisresearch,Ihelpedformulateaproductmerchandisingplanandansweredconsumers'questionsatalocaltradeshow.Intensivecourseworkinmarketingandmanagement,aswellasproficiencyincomputerspreadsheetsanddatabases,hasgivenmethekindofmarketingandcomputertrainingthatDelRioprobablydemandsinaproductmanager.Moreover,myrecentretailsalesexperienceandparticipationincampusorganizationshavehelpedmedevelopthekindofcustomerserviceandinterpersonalskillsnecessaryforaneffectiveproductmanager.Samples由于中国实行正确的政策,在中国的大部分合资企业都盈利,有些可能不盈不亏,而几乎没有一家是亏本的.OwingtoChina’scarryingoutacorrectpolicy,mostjointventuresinChinaaremakingaprofit;someofthemmaypostneitheraprofitnoraloss,whilealmostnooneissufferingaloss.AsaresultofChina’senforcementofacorrectpolicy,mostjointventuresinChinaaremakingaprofit;somemaybreakeven,whilepracticallynofirmissufferingaloss.由于失业率增高,美元币值下降,股票市场处于困境之中,经济问题将是总统所面临的最严峻的考验.Withtheunemploymentratehigh,thedollar’svaluelowandstockmarketindistress,theproblemofeconomywillbethePresident’smostdifficulttest.Withtheincreaseinunemployment,thedevaluationofUSdollarsandthedistressthatthestockmarketencounters,theeconomywillconstitutethemostdifficultproblemforthePresident.世界正在发生深刻变化;经济与科学技术的结合与日俱增;世界经济的重组加快步伐;经济繁荣不仅仅取决于资源和资本的总量,而且直接有赖于技术知识和信息的积累及其应用.(典形的汉语松散句,多个小句连续排列,多个主语和谓语)译文1Theworldisundergoingprofoundchanges.Theintegrationoftheeconomywithscienceandtechnologyisincreasing,therestructuringoftheworldeconomyisspeedingup,andeconomicprosperitydependsnotonlyonthetotalvolumeofresourcesandcapital,butalsodirectlyontheaccumulationandapplicationoftechnologicalknowledgeandinformation.2Theworldisundergoingprofoundchanges.Itiswitnessingagrowingincreaseintheintegrationoftheeconomywithscienceandtechnology,aspeeding