初中英语八种时态

初中英语八种时态•一、一般现在时(simplepresenttense)•1.形式一般现在时通常用动词原形来表示。be动词用am、is、are。主语是第三人称单数时动词的变化规律:一般动词后加-s；以s、x、ch、sh结尾，加-es；以辅音字母加o结尾，一般加-es；辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i加-es。•2．用法•a.表示经常发生的动作或现阶段的习惯性行为，常与时间状语often，usually，always，everyday，sometimes，seldom，never等连用。•Ineverdomyhomeworkintheevening.•Sometimesweplayfootballontheplayground.•Heseldomlistenstomusic.b.表示现在的事实或状态。•Chinaisadevelopingcountry.•IlikeEnglishverymuch.c.表示格言，科学事实和客观真理。Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败。•Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy.凡事总是由难而易。•ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.上海位于中国东部。•TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25isChristmasDay.•3.句式•肯定否定疑问回答•Helikeseggs.Hedoesn’tlikeeggs.Doeshelikeeggs?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.•Iwantanapple.Idon’twantanapple.Doyouwantanapple?Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.•4.做题时常见错误如下：•一、be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中•例：Weareplant(plant)thetreesinspring.•二、单三人称形式易出错•例：1.Heplays(play)footballverywell.2.Dannygoes(go)toschoolat7:10.•三、在句式变换时易出错•例：1.DoesJennyhas(has)agoodfriend?2.Briandoesn’tlives(notlive)inChina.•四、对do的理解易出错•例：Wedon’t(notdo)ourhomeworkintheafternoon.•五、对主语的数判断有误•例：LiMingwithmeare(be)inBeijing.•另外，宾语从句中，从句部分若是表示客观真理，不管主句是何时态，从句都要用一般现在时；在时间和条件状语从句中，主句表将来，从句要用一般现在时。•5.中考真题及模拟•（2009东城区一模）Mary___________thepianowell.Sheisoftenaskedtoplayattheconcert.A.playB.playsC.playingD.played•(2009海淀区一模）Mymotherwilltakemetothemovieifshe_________freethisweekend.A.isB.willbeC.wasD.wouldbe•(2009崇文区一模)Thegirlswillhaveatripifit_________fine.•A.isB.wasC.willbeD.hasbeen•(2008北京)He’llsendusamessageassoonashe________inSichuan.•A.isarrivingB.willarriveC.arrivedD.arrives•（2007武汉）——Whatdoyoudo?•——I’manengineer.I_____inacompanyinWuhan.Ilikemyjobverymuch.•A.workB.hadworkedC.willworkD.worked•(2006武汉)—Isyourfatheradoctor?•—Yes,heis.He__________inTownHospital.•A.hasworkedB.hadworkedC.worksD.worked•(2006陕西)Everyyearmanyforeigners_________toChinatolearnChinese.•A.havecomeB.comesC.cameD.come•二、现在进行时(presentcontinuoustense)1．构成be（am/is/are）+动词的现在分词•2．用法•a.表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。Heiseatinganicecream.他正在吃冰激凌。•Let’swait.Thechildrenarecrossingthestreet.•b.表示当前一段时期内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作（说话时不一定正在进行）。Weareworkingonafarmthesedays?这些天我们在一个农场干活。c.表示位置移动或趋向的词，如go，come,start，leave,arrive,move等常用进行时表将来。HeisleavingforShanghaitomorrow.I'mcoming!What'sthescorenow?我就来！现在比分是多少？•Wearemovingtoabighousenextmonth.下个月我们将搬到一所大房子里。•d.与always,constantly,forever等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。Youarealwayschangingyourmind.•3.现在分词的构成规则•1）一般情况，在动词后加ing，例词work-working，study-studying，go-going2）以不发音的e结尾，去e再加-ing，例词have-having，live-living，take-taking•3）重读闭音节，只有一个辅音字母结尾，双写该辅音字母，再加-ing，•例词cut-cuttingstop-stopping，forget-forgetting，begin-beginning•4）以ie结尾，变ie为y再加-ing，例词die-dying，lie-lying，tie-tying–4.形式肯定句否定句疑问句简要回答Iamstudying.Iamnotstudying.AmIstudying?Yes，Iam/No，Iamnot.•5.一般现在时和现在进行时的区别(1)一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，现在进行时表示正在发生的行为。•a.Heiscleaninghisroomnow.他在打扫房间。•Hecleanshisroomeveryday.他每天都要打扫房间。•b.TheyarevisitingChina.他们正在中国观光。•TheyoftencometoChinaforavisit.他们经常来中国观光。•(2)一般现在时表示现在的状态。•Helikesjiaozi.Theyhavealotoffriends•考例：Mr.Smith________shortstories,buthe________aTVplaythesedays.•A.iswriting…iswritingB.iswriting…writes•C.writes…iswritingD.writes…writes•6.中考真题及模拟•(2009崇文区二模)Don’tturnofftheradio.I_______tothenews.•A.listenB.havelistenedC.listenedD.amlistening•(2009朝阳区一模)——HaveyouseenMr.Smith?•——Yes.Look,he________hisbikeoverthere.•A.cleansB.cleanedC.iscleaningD.hascleaned•(2009海淀区一模)——Where’sSusan,Mike?•——She_________inthekitchen.•A.cooksB.cookedC.iscookingD.hascooked•(2009西城区一模)——Haveyougotajoboffer?•——Notyet.I___________.•A.waitedB.amwaitingC.waitD.waswaiting•(2009宣武区一模)——DoyouthinkJohnwillhelpmemovethepiano?•——You’dbetternotaskhim.He__________acomposition.•A.writeB.writesC.iswritingD.wrote•(2009崇文区一模)——Where’sthechildren,MrBlack?•——Oh,they_________theirPElessonontheplayground.•A.haveB.hadC.arehavingD.havehad•（2008北京）Don’tturnontheTV.Grandma____________now.•A.issleepingB.willsleepC.sleptD.sleeps•(2007北京)——Whatareyoudoing,Cathy?•——I’m__________mycat.Ican’tfindit.•A.lookingforB.lookingatC.lookingupD.lookingafter•（2006北京）——What’syourbrotherdoinginhisroomnow?•——He____________akite.•A.makesB.madeC.ismakingD.willmake•(2005北京)---WhereisFranknow?•---He_______hisbikeintheyard.•A.fixesupB.fixingupC.isfixingupD.fixed•（2008辽宁）——Mary,couldyouhelpme?•——Waitamoment.I_________.•A.readabookB.didmyhomeworkC.waswatchingTVD.amcookingdinner•(2007浙江)——Listen，who_________intheroom?•——Let’sgoandsee.•A.iscryingB.cryingC.cryD.cries•They________about“SupperVoiceGirl”.let’sjointhem.•A.talkB.aretalkingC.havetalkedD.talked•(2006山东威海)——Areyouababy-sisterhere?•——No.I__________afterthebabyinsteadofMsGreen.Sheisawayforshopping.•A.lookB.amlookingC.havelookedD.looked•三．一般过去时(simplepasttense)1．概念一般过去时表示过去某一时刻，某一段时间发生的动作或存在的状态。一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。•2．构成一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。be的过去式有was，were两种；have的过去式是had；规则动词的过去式在动词词尾加-ed，具体构成规则如下：•1）一般情况，动词后加ed，例词work-worked，clean-cleaned，play-played，wash-washed•2）以不发音的e结尾，-d，例词live-lived，move-moved，hope-hoped，arrive-arrived•3）以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i再加-ed，例词study-studied，carry-carried，cry-cried，identify-identified•4）以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后一个辅音字母加-ed，例词plan-plannedsto