分词的用法

分词的用法非谓语动词的形式有：不定式（todo）现在分词（doing）过去分词（done）动名词（doing）fallingleavesfallenleavesboilingwaterboiledwateradevelopingcountryadevelopedcountry1.1作定语：现在分词表示进行、主动过去分词表示完成、被动分词的语法功能1.2定语（分词短语）正在建房那些人是我的朋友.去年建造的那座房子将要拆除.正在建造的那座房子将是个商店.Thepeoplearemyfriends.Thehousewillbepulleddown.builtlastyearThehousewillbeastore.beingbuiltbuildingthehouse2.作表语Thestorysoundsinteresting.I’minterestedinthestory.exciting,excitedmoving,movedsurprising,surprisedpuzzling,puzzled现在分词强调事物本身特性过去分词强调人的感受Tomhasaworryinglook.Sohismotherisveryworried.Tomhasaworriedlook.Thefrighteningtigerisfrightened.Thereisa__________(frighten)lookonhisface.Weare___________atseeingthe_____________accident.frightenedfrightenedfrightening3.非谓语动词作宾补作用：补充说明宾语的内容Isawhimplayingatthattime.Isawhimgrowup.Isawhimbeatenbyhismother.Isawhimplayingatthattime.Isawhimgrowup.Isawhimbeatenbyhismother.非谓语动词做定、表、宾补、状语时，务必要明确两组关系主谓（主动）关系（表示主动、进行）动宾（被动）关系（表示被动、完成）①see,hear,watch,feel,think,find,notice,observe②have,get,make,keep,leave③like,want,wish,order带有“致使”含义的动词表示感觉和心理状态的词表示“希望、要求”等意义的词语Isawhimplayingatthattime.Isawhimgrowup.Isawhimbeatenbyhismother.WhenIgotthere,Ifoundthedoorlocked.4.做状语分词做状语常表示原因，时间，条件，方式，伴随，让步等。1.OncetaughtbyProfessorHiggins,Elizacouldbecomeanupperclasslady.2.Whenheated,icecanbechangedintowater.3.Encouragedbymyfriends,Isentmyinventiontothepatentoffice.（see）fromadistance,thehilllookslikeaman.（see）thehill,healwaysthinksofhishometown.(say)this,hespreadsomefoodonthetable.SeenSeeingHavingsaid正确选择分词做状语的方法：分词逻辑主语必须与主句主语保持一致现在分词表示主动、进行过去分词表示被动、完成分词动作与主句动作是否存在先后关系现在分词独立主格：Weatherpermitting,wewillhaveaBBQ.天气允许的话Judgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbeanactor.从外表判断，他一定是个演员。Generallyspeaking,humanbeingsarethecleverestanimals.一般说来…(compare)withTom,Jackworksharder.(catch)intherain,hewaslateforclass.(face)withdifficulty,henevergivesin.ComparedCaughtFaced过去分词作状语有时会受到系表结构固定短语的影响(lose)inthought,Imadenosenseofwhatyousaid.（worry）aboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.LostWorried此类固定短语，如：belostin（专注于）befacedwith（面对着）becaughtin（陷入…中）beworriedabout（担心）becomparedwith/to(与…比较）bedeterminedto（决心做）Determinedtogotoakeyuniversity,sheworksveryhard.★分词独立主格结构Generally/Honestly/Frankly/Strictlyspeaking,theearthisbiggerthanthemoon.Consideringeverything,CaptainBlightshouldbegivenamedal.Time/Weatherpermitting,we’llgoforapicnic.ComparedwithTim,Tomismoreclever.Facedwithdifficulty,weshouldnevergiveup.Lostinthought,hedidn’thearthefootsteps.Caughtintherain,wewerelateforclass.1.Doyouknowtheman(praising/praised)atthemeeting?2.Nearbystoodaflowergirl(worn/wearing)adarkgarmentandawoolenscarf.3.I’dliketohavetheletter(mailed/mailing).√√Choosethecorrectwordsinthebrackets.√Practice14.(Giving/Given)moretime,wearesuretodoitbetter.5.Theboylayinbed,(listening/listened)tomusic.6.(Inspiring/Inspired)byDr.Chen’sspeech,theydecidedtostudyscienceharder.√√√Practice2Lookatthepicturesandfinishthesentences,usingthe-edformorthe–ingform:Ifoundmyapple______byaworm.Ifoundaworm_______myapple.(eat)eateneating12Thegirl_________theblouseisverypretty.Theblouse________bythegirllooksveryclean.(wash)washingwashedDescribethepictureswiththewordsgiven,usingthe-edformorthe-ingform.2.give,present,girl,see,happy1.I,see,leaves,fall,ground,cover121.I,see,leaves,fall,ground,cover,1Isawtheleavesfallingfromthetree.Theleavesfallingfromthetreeareyellow.Isawthegroundcoveredwithfallenleaves.2.give,see,present,girl,happy2Givenapresent,thegirlisveryhappy.Seeingthepresent,thegirlisveryhappy.