固体氧化物电解水制氢系统效率-刘明义

ISSN1000-0054CN11-2223/N()JTsinghuaUniv(Sci&Tech),20094962009,Vol.49,No.620/34868-871固体氧化物电解水制氢系统效率刘明义,　于　波,　徐景明(,100084):2008-04-23:(No.20070003033):(1977),(),,:,,E-mail:[e-mail]:电解水与高效清洁一次能源耦合制氢,是理想的大规模制氢技术。该文建立了电解水制氢系统效率评估模型,并通过该模型对碱性、固体聚合物电解池(SPE)及固体氧化物电解池(SOEC)制氢系统总制氢效率进行了计算与分析。碱性制氢系统电解效率与总制氢效率均较低,分别为56%和25%;SPE制氢系统电解效率虽有提高约76%,但其总制氢效率仍较低约35%;而SOEC制氢系统电解效率可达90%以上,总制氢效率高达55%,分别是SPE与碱性制氢系统的1.5和2倍。高温气冷堆耦合的SOEC电解制氢系统是目前已知总制氢效率最高的大规模制氢系统。:氢能;电解水制氢;效率分析;碱性电解池;固体聚合物电解池;固体氧化物电解池:TK91;TQ151:A:1000-0054(2009)06-0868-04EfficiencyofsolidoxidewaterelectrolysissystemforhydrogenproductionLIUMingyi,YUBo,XUJingming(InstituteofNuclearandNewEnergyTechnology,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,China)Abstract:Waterelectrolysiscoupledwithanefficientandcleanprimaryenergysourceisanideallarge-scalehydrogenproductiontechnology.Amodelwasdevelopedtopredicttheefficiencyofawaterelectrolysissystemforhydrogenproductionbasedontheoverallefficiencyofanalkalineelectrolysissystem,asolidpolymerelectrolyte(SPE)system,andasolidoxideelectrolysiscell(SOEC)system.Theresultsshowthatboththeelectrolysisefficiency,56%,andtheoverallefficiency,25%,areverylow.Theelectrolysisefficiency,76%,oftheSPEsystemisimproved,theoverallefficiency,35%,isstilllow.However,theelectrolysisefficiencyoftheSOECismorethan90%andtheoverallefficiencyisover55%,botharemuchhigherthantheothersystems.Theoverallefficiencyofahigh-temperaturegas-cooledreactorcoupledwithanSOECsystemisthehighestamongallexistingwaterelectrolysissystems.Keywords:hydrogenenergy;waterelectrolysis;efficiencyanalysis;alkalineelectrolysiscell;solidpolymerelectrolyteelectrolysiscell;solidoxideelectrolysiscell(SMR),,CO2,3:(SPE)(SOEC)[1-4],,31　电解水制氢原理,(H2O)(H+)(OH-),,(H2);(OH-),,,,2H2O+2eH2+2OH-,(1)2OH-1/2O2+H2O+2e,(2)H2OH2+1/2O2.(3)1298.15K101.325kPa,$H$G:285.8kJ/mol237.2kJ/mol[5]$H,$GGibbsEGibbs$G:$G=-nEF.(4):n;FFaraday,,1.23V,2.95kWh/m31298.15K101.325kPa$G/(kJmol-1)$H/(kJmol-1)S/(kJmol-1)$Hvap/(kJmol-1)cp/(Jmol-1K-1)H2(g)000.13129.0-0.8310-3T/K+20.110-7(T/K)2O2(g)000.20525.7+13.010-3T/K-38.610-7(T/K)2H2O(l)237.2285.80.07040.775.3H2O(g)30.4+9.610-3T/K+11.810-7(T/K)2(g)(l)2　电解水制氢系统组成,,1SPE80,,:($G),,;SOEC800950,SPE,,,SOEC:($G)(Q)SOEC,,13　电解水制氢系统效率分析3.1($H)($G)(Q),:$H(T)=$G(T)+Q(T).(5)2[6-7](),:,()2,Qt():Qt=Qth+Qel.(6):Qth,Qel,:Gt=$HHQth+Qel.(7)$HHSPE,:Gt=$HH$G(T)/(GelGes).(8):Gel;Ges=E(T)/Vop(i,T),869,:,E(T)T,Vop(i,T)iTSOEC2,Gt=$HH$G(T)GelGes+Qth(T)Gth-$G(T)GesGth(1-Ges).(9)GthSOEC,,,[7]3.2,1.23V,2.95kWh/m3,,7080,1.82.2V,4.55.5kWh1.12V(20%KOH,80),51%62%,70%,[8](8),22,25%,,30%2SPE/%/%SPE30.519.523.728.230.237.023.628.734.336.640.025.531.037.039.6()45.028.735.041.744.5,,(),,,SPESOEC3.3SPESPE,80,1.51.6V,3.63.8kWh1.18V(80),SPE74%79%(51%62%),SPE,,2,(8)SPE2SPE35%,(25%)10%,SPE,SPESPE,,3.4SOECSOEC800950,$H$GQ2$G,1001000,$G($H)93%70%,,,,SOEC90%[9-10]SOEC800950,(HTGR)750950,,42%47%[11]SOEC,SOEC90%,(9)HTGR-SOEC,33HTGR-SOEC52%59%,(25%)2,SPE870()2009,49(6)(35%)1.5,,3HTGR-SOECH//%Gel=424344454775052.053.254.355.557.880052.453.554.755.858.185052.753.855.056.158.490053.054.255.356.558.795053.454.555.756.859.143H/Ges/%Gt/%80516225SPE80747935SOEC85090100554　结　论,3:,,56%25%;,,76%35%,,,,90%,55%,1.5,2(References)[1]HerringJS,OBrienJE,StootsCM,etal.Progressinhigh-temperatureelectrolysisforhydrogenproductionusingplanarSOFCtechnology[J].IntJHydrogenEnergy,2007,32:440-450.[2]ShinYj,ParkW,ChangJ,etal.Evaluationofthehightemperatureelectrolysisofsteamtoproducehydrogen[J].IntJHydrogenEnergy,2007,32:1486-1491.[3]Mueller-LangeraF,TzimasbE,KaltschmittM,etal.Techno-economicassessmentofhydrogenproductionprocessesforthehydrogeneconomyfortheshortandmediumterm[J].IntJHydrogenEnergy,2007,32:3797-3810.[4]KothariR,BudhdhiD,SawhneyRL.Comparisonofenvironmentalandeconomicaspectsofvarioushydrogenproductionmethods[J].RenewSustEnergRev,2008,12:553-563.[5]DeanJA.LangesHandbookofChemistry[M].13thed,NewYork:McGrawHillBookCompany,1985.[6]JensenSH,LarsenPH,MogensenM.Hydrogenandsyntheticfuelproductionfromrenewableenergysources[J].IntJHydrogenEnergy,2007,32:3253-3257.[7]LIUMingyi,YUBo,XUJingming,etal.Thermodynamicanalysisoftheefficiencyofhigh-temperaturesteamelectrolysissystemforhydrogenproduction[J].JPowerSources,2008,177:493-499.[8],.[M].:,2004.HUANGSuyi,GAOWei.IntroductionofEnergy[M].Beijing:HigherEducationPress,2004.(inChinese)[9]HinoR,HagaK,HidekiA.R&Donhydrogenproductionbyhigh-temperatureelectrolysisofsteam[J].NuclEngDes,2004,233:363-375.[10]YildizB,KazimiMS.Efficiencyofhydrogenproductionsystemsusingalternativenuclearenergytechnologies[J].IntJHydrogenEnergy,2006,31:77-92.[11],.[M].:,2004.WUZongxin,ZHANGZuoyi.AdvancedNuclearSystemandHigh-TemperatureGas-CooledReactor[M].Beijing:TsinghuaUniversityPress,2004.(inChinese)871,: