12017年英语双学位《美国文学史及选读》期末考试题型及复习要点期末考试题型及分值:1.作家、作品配对题(10*1分=10分)2.作品选读题(填空题、简答题5*5分=25分)3.文学术语、文学人物解释题(4*5分=20分)4.论述题(3*15分=45分)认真阅读教材的中文版的《序言》熟悉教材中以下复习要点中各位作家的选文BenjaminFranklin:•RememberBenjaminFranklinasinventor,statesmanandwriter.•Rememberhimas‘fatheroftheUnitedStates’.•WritingfeaturesTheAutobiography:ItisthepatternofPuritansimplicity,directness,andconcision.Thenarrativeislucid,thestructureissimple,theimageryishomely.•本杰明·富兰克林:•本杰明·富兰克林是发明家、政治家和作家。•他是“美国之父”。•写作特点自传:这是清教徒的简单、直接和简洁的方式。叙事清晰,结构简单,意象朴实。EdgarAllanPoeRememberPoeasfatherofmodernshortstoryandfatherofdetectivestory.Rememberhisimportantworks.Rememberhiscriticalworks:ThePoeticPrincipleandThePhilosophyofComposition.BeabletolistsomeofhisfamousshortstoriesandsomeofhisfamouspoemssuchasTheRaven,AnnabelLee,ToHelen.•TellthestoryTheCaskofAmontilladoinyourownwords.Whatisthethemeofthisshortstory?BefamiliarwithhispoemToHelen.埃德加爱伦坡Poe是现代短篇小说之父和侦探小说之父。他的重要著作。他的批评作品:诗歌原则和写作哲学。能够列出一些他著名的短篇小说和一些著名的诗歌,如《乌鸦》、《AnnabelLee》、《海伦》等。•讲述一桶白葡萄酒用你自己的话。这个短篇小说的主题是什么?对海伦熟悉他的诗。RalphWaldoEmersonKnowsomethingabouttranscendentalism.RememberEmersonastheleaderofthisphilosophy:Transcendentalismreferstoakindofattitudethatbelievesintherecognitioninmanofthecapacityofknowingtruthintuitively,orofattainingknowledgetranscendingthereachofthesenses.Majorconcepts21)Powerofintuition.2)Spiritfirst,mattersecond.3)NatureassymbolicofspiritorGod.4)Individualasthemostimportantelementinsociety/self-reliant5)Religionasanemotionalcommunicationbetweenanindividualsoulandtheuniversal“oversoul”6)Commerceasdegrading/paylessattentiontothematerialworldThe“over-soul”ascalledbyEmersonwasanall-pervadingunitaryspiritualpowerofgoodness,omnipresentandomnipotent,fromwhichallthingscameandofwhicheveryonewasapart.Generally,theover-soulreferredtospiritofGodasthemostimportantthingintheuniverse.Emerson’sNatureiscalled‘manifestooftranscendentalism’.TheAmericanScholar(1837)isregardedas“America’sSecondDeclarationofIndependence/DeclarationofIntellectual(Cultural)Independence”Befamiliarwiththeessay‘Self-reliance’.拉尔夫瓦尔多爱默生¡知道一些关于超验主义。记得爱默生作为这一哲学的领袖:超验主义指的是一种态度,相信人的直觉认识真理的能力的识别,或实现知识超越感官。主要概念¡1)直觉的力量。2)¡精神第一,物质二。¡3)自然象征精神或上帝。¡4)个体在社会/自立的最重要的元素¡5)宗教作为一种情感交流个人灵魂和宇宙的“超灵”6)商务¡降级/较少关注物质世界¡“结束”艾默生称作是一种无孔不入的整体精神力量的善良的灵魂,无所不在,无所不能,这一切来的都是一部分。一般来说,过度的灵魂提到上帝的灵魂是宇宙中最重要的东西。¡爱默生的自然是被称为“超验主义”宣言。¡美国学者(1837)被誉为“美国的第二次申报知识/独立宣言(文化)独立”¡熟悉文章“自力更生”。HenryDavidThoreauRememberThoreau’masterpiece.TellthemaincontentsofWaldeninyourownwords.亨利戴维梭罗NathanielHawthorneIntroduceTheScarletLetterinyourownwords.TheinfluenceofPuritanismonTheScarletLetter.Analyzethemaincharacters.Tellthesymbolicmeaningsoftheletter‘A’.ListHawthorne’smajorworks.纳撒尼尔霍桑3A的象征意义”。HermanMelvilleBeabletolistMelville’smajorworks.BeabletoretellthestoryofMobyDickinyourownwords.BeabletoanalyzethecharacterCaptainAhab.BeabletotellthesymbolicmeaningsofMobyDick,theshipPequodandthecoffin:theWhiteWhalecanbereadasanallegoricalrepresentationofanunknowableGodorthemysteriousforceofnature;thePequodisasymbolofdoom/death;Queequeg'scoffinalternatelysymbolizeslifeanddeath.TheinfluenceofPuritanismonMobyDick.赫尔曼梅尔维尔Melville的主要作品。MobyDick的故事。Ahab船长。MobyDick的象征意义,船」和棺材:白鲸可以解读为一个不可知的上帝或大自然的神秘力量的一种象征;」是厄运和死亡的象征;Queequeg的灵柩交替象征着生命和死亡。MobyDick的影响。WaltWhitman•RememberWhitman’smostimportantwork.•Whatisfreeverse?Akindofpoetrythatdoesnotconformtoanyregularmetre:thelengthofitslinesisirregular,asisitsuseofrhyme—ifany.Insteadofregularmetricalpatternitusesmoreflexiblecadencesorrhythmicgroupings,sometimessupportedbyanaphoraandotherdevicesofrepetition.NowthemostwidelypracticedverseforminEnglish,ithasprecedentsintranslationsofthebiblicalPsalmsandinsomepoemsofBlakeandGoethe,butestablisheditselfonlyinthelate19thandearly20thcenturieswithWaltWhitman.•BefamiliarwiththepoemOCaptain,MyCaptainandknowitsmainidea.•沃尔特怀特曼••记住怀特曼最重要的工作。•自由诗是什么?一种不符合任何格律的诗:它的线条长度不规则,如用韵。而不是常规的格律采用更灵活的节奏或韵律的分组,以照应和重复其他设备有时支持。现在是英语中使用最广的诗歌形式,它在圣经圣歌和布莱克和歌德的一些诗歌中有先例,但只有在第十九世纪末和第二十世纪,沃尔特·惠特曼才建立起自己。•熟悉船长的诗,我的船长,知道它的主要思想。EmilyDickinsonBefamiliarwithherthreepoemsinthetextbookandtheirthemes.KnowsomethingaboutDickinson’spoeticfeatures:A.Herpoemshavenotitles,hencethefirstlineofeachpoemisalwaysquotedasthetitleofeachpoem.B:particularstresspattern:dash“—”C:Capitallettersasameansofemphasis;4D:Language:brief,direct,andplain;E:Poem:short,alwaysonoriginalimagesorsymbolsF:Conventionalmeters,iambictetrameter,off-rhymes.G:Shortpoeticlines,condensedbyusingintensemetaphorsandbyextensiveuseofellipsis.狄金森用作为每首诗的题目。B:特殊应力模式:短跑“-”C:大写表示强调;D:语言:简单、直接、朴素的;E:诗:短,总是对原始图像或符号F:常规米,四音步抑扬格,无韵。G:短的诗句,用强烈的隐喻和省略大量使用浓缩。MarkTwainWhatwasMarkTwain’struename?SamuelLanghorneClemensWhatdoeshispennamemean?WhatbookofhisisthoughttobethebestoneaboutwhichHemingwaysaid“AllmodernAmericanliteraturecomesfromonebookbyMarkTwain?Whatishisfirstrealnovel?Whatisitssequel?Namethreeofhisotherworks.Retelltheshortstory‘TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty.WhatdoyouknowaboutMarkTwain’sStyle?•VernacularLanguage:MarkTwainwroteinhisunpretent