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Unit5GrammarPastperfecttense知识回顾1.Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.一般过去时表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。强调过去某一特定的时间。2.Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar.现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关。其结构为：“助动词have（has）+过去分词”Shehadputmostofhereffortintoballettrainingbeforesheenteredthefilmindustry.ShehadbeenamodelbeforeshebecameaHollywoodsuperstar.a.Sheputmostofhereffortintoballettraining.Whathappenedfirst?b.Sheenteredthefilmindustrya.Shewasamodel.Whathappenedfirst?b.shebecameaHollywoodsuperstar.thePastPerfecttenseStructure(结构):had+pp(动词的过去分词)pp规则的:不规则的:clean—believe—study—stop—cleanedbelievedstudiedstoppedcut—buy—do—come—cutboughtdonecome过去完成时的概念:Shehadputmostofhereffortintoballettrainingbeforesheenteredthefilmindustry.ShehadbeenamodelbeforeshebecameaHollywoodsuperstar.过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（thepastpast）”。——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→nowfuturepastthepastpast(beforethepast)1.WestartedtolearnEnglish5yearsago.一般过去时表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。2.WehavelearnedEnglishfor5years.现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关。其结构为：“助动词have（has）+过去分词”5yearsagonow5yearsagohavelearnednowRevisionCompletethetableusingthepastperfecttense.VerbPastperfecttenseVerbPastperfecttenseacthelpbeopenbeginseebringsinghadactedhadbeenhadbegunhadbroughthadhelpedhadopenedhadseenhadsung过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或存在的状态即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past）”。pastinthepastpastnow过去完成时的概念与结构特点:had+doneMillieranbacktoschoolbecauseshehadlefthermagazineintheclassroom.Whathappenedfirst?a.Millieranbacktoschool.b.Millielefthermagazineintheclassroom.PracticeWehadlearnedEnglishfor4yearsbylastyear.5yearsagolastyearnowhadlearnedSimonleftschoollatebecausethefootballgamehadstartedlate.Whathappenedfirst?a.Simonleftschoollate.b.Thefootballgamestartedlate.Whathappenedfirst?Danielarrivedoutofbreath–hehadgonetothewrongcinema.a.Danielarrivedoutofbreath.b.Danielwenttothewrongcinema.Whathappenedfirst?Amyhadlostherpurseandhadtogotothepolicestation.a.Amylostherpurse.b.Amywenttothepolicestation.Connecttwosentenceswith“before”、“when”、“after”1.Ifinishedmyhomeworkat8:00thismorning.Iwenttothemuseumat8:30thismorning.2.Milliewenthomeat6:00P.mthisafternoon.Millie’smothercookedat5:00P.mthisafternoon.3.Danieltaughtinamiddleschoolbetween1990to1997.Danieljoinedthearmyin1998.IhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwenttothemuseumthismorning.IhadfinishedmyhomeworkwhenIwenttothemuseumthismorning.IwenttothemuseumafterIhadfinishedmyhomeworkthismorning.Millie’smotherhadcookedbeforeshewenthomethisafternoon.Millie’smotherhadcookedwhenshewenthomethisafternoon.Milliewenthomeafterhermotherhadcookedthisafternoon.Danielhadtaughtinamiddleschoolfor7yearsbeforehejoinedthearmy.Danielhadtaughtinamiddleschoolfor7yearswhenhejoinedthearmy.Danieljoinedthearmyafterhehadtaughtinamiddleschoolfor7years.Workouttherule:Ifwewanttotalkabouttwopastactionsinasentence,thepastperfecttenseisusedforthe(earlier,later)action.earlierTheyhadarrivedatthestationbytenyesterday.1.Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.2.Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar.Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen.Fillintheblanks1.I___________(clean)theclothesbeforeyoucameback.2.She___________(leave)alreadywhenyouarrived.3.______they_____(know)thisbeforeyoutoldthem?4.We__________(nottell)youbeforeyouknewit.5.Shecameafterwe_________(wait)forherforhalfanhour.hadcleanedhadleftHadknownhadn’ttoldhadwaitedRewritethesentences1.Hehadstoodupbeforehecleanedthewindow._________hehadstoodup,hecleanedthewindow.2.HisfatherwenttoBeijing.Hearrivedhome.(用before合并句子)Hisfather________________Beijingbeforehe_________home.AfterhadgonetoarrivedExercises1.Thetrain____________(leave)beforeIgottotherailwaystation.2.Wehadbreakfastafterwe__________(do)morningexercise.3.MissYang____________(be)atypistbeforeshemovedtoShenzhen.4.Whenwereachedthecinema,thefilm________________(begin).5.We___________(learn)twounitsbylastmonth.6.They__________(be)totheUSAtentimesbytheendofSeptember.7.She___________(finish)herhomeworkbeforenineo’clocklastnight.hadlefthaddonehadbeenhadbegunhadfinishedhadlearnedhadbeen与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（1）by+过去的时间点。（2）bytheendof+过去的时间点。（3）before+过去的时间点。如：by1990,byyesterdayevening,bythen如：bytheendoflastterm如：before9:00a.m构成：1.肯定句:主语+助动词had+过去分词（v-ed）+其他。其中had通用于各种人称。1.Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.2.否定句：主语+hadn’t（hadnot）+v-ed+其他3.一般疑问句：Had+主语+v-ed+其他？2.Bynineo’clockyesterdayeveninghehadn’tgothome.4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+had+主语+v-ed？3.--Hadyouknownanythingaboutourschoolbeforeyoucamehere?--Yes,Ihad./No,Ihadn’t.4.Whathadyoursisterbeenbeforeshebecameanactress?二、过去完成时的判断依据1.由“过去的过去”来判定。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：WhenIgottothestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.（1）状语从句中（2）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.Theyexplainedwhathadhappened.2.由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（1）by+过去的时间点。如：Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight.（2）bytheendof+过去的时间点。如：Wehadle