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第一部分通用英语PartOneEnglishforGeneralPurposesUNIT1HowtobeHappy如何获得幸福ExercisesA.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1．吵闹的邻居的确对我们家庭不和(domesticupset)有很大影响。2．在职场上，如果一个同事对我们表示威吓的话，会造成难以言表的抑郁情绪(unwretchedness)。3．我们不可能适应这种敌对关系，这种不良的人际关系会损害身心健康。4．如果这种坏情绪长时间留在人们的心里，会让人陷入无法解决的恶性心理困境。5．我们不应当回避这些问题，而是要正确面对它们。B.ReadthetextandtranslateitintoChinese.Therearemanybenefitstobeinghappy.Happierpeopletendtobehealthier,livelongerandeammore.Theyalsotendtovolunteermore,bebetteratrelationshipsandsmilemoreofwhatpsychologistscall“Duchenneorgenuinesmiles.Whatislesswellunderstoodiswhyhappinessiscontagious.AccordingtoJamesFowlerandNicholasChristakis,authorsoftheinternationalbestsellerConnected,peoplesurroundedbymanyhappyfriends,familymembersandneighbourswhoarecentraltotheirsocialnetworkbecomesignificantlyhappierinthefuture.Morespecificallyitheysaywewillbecome25percenthappierwithourlifeifafriendwholiveswithinamileofusbecomessignificantlyhappierwithhisorherlife.Similareffectsareseeninco-residentspouses(8percenthappier);siblingswholivewithinamileofeachother(14percent);andnext-doorneighbours(34percent).Whatthisimpliesisthatthemagnitudeofhappinessspreadseemstodependmoreonfrequentsocialcontact(duetophysicalproximity)thanondeepsocialconnections.Alas,forsomereasonthisdoesn'ttranslatetotheworkplace.So,whyishappinesscontagious?Onereasonmaybethathappypeoplesharetheirgoodfortunewiththeirfriendsandfamily(forexample,bybeingpragmaticallyhelpfulorfinanciallygenerous).Anotherreasoncouldbethathappypeopletendtochangetheirbehaviourforthebetterbybeingnicerorlesshostiletothoseclosetothem.Oritcouldjustbethatpositiveemotionsarehighlycontagious.【参考答案】阅读理解1.TheformulareferstoH(happiness)=S(yourbiologicalsetpointforfeelinghappy)+C(theconditionsofyourlife)+V(thevoluntarychoicesyoumake).2.Loudnoisestriggeroneofourmostprimitivefearresponsesandwecanneverfullyrelaxifwearesurroundedbyintrusivenoise.3.IfweneedourTV,radioormusicuploud,wearingheadphonesdemonstratesourkindnessandconsiderationtoourneighbors.4.Ourunhappinessoftencomesfrompoorrelationshipswithothers.5.Whatyoucandoistoeithermendtherelationshipbyconfrontingwhatisgoingwrongorlearntomoveon.【练习参考答案】A．汉译英1.Noisyneighborsareoneofthemajorcausesofdomesticupset.2.Acolleagueatworkwhobulliesordismissesuscreatesuntoldwretchedness.3.Wecanneverfullyadapttohostilerelationships,whichinevitablydamageourwellbeing.4.Ifthisbadmoodstaysinsideourmind,itwillleadustoanunresolveddestructivedepression.5.Weshouldnotavoidtheseproblemsbutfacetheminstead.B．英译汉幸福有许多好处。越幸福的人往往越健康、越长寿、挣的钱越多。他们通常也会从事更多的志愿工作、更善于处理人际关系、发出更多心理学家所说的“杜兴微笑”，即真诚的微笑。我们了解不深的是，为什么幸福可以传染。全球畅销书《关联》的作者詹姆斯·福勒和尼古拉斯·克里斯塔基斯发现，如果你身边那些重要的人际网络中有许多幸福的朋友、家人与邻居，那么你将也会很幸福。他们表示，更准确地说，如果居住在离你1英里内的一个朋友生活幸福感得到显著提升，你的生活幸福感就会增加25%。具有同样效果的还有同居配偶（幸福感提升8%）、居住在1英里之内的兄弟姐妹(14%)和邻居(34%)。这意味着，幸福传播的强度似乎更取决于交往的频繁度（与地域邻近相关），1而不是社会关系的深度。可惜由于某种原因，这并不适用于工作场合。那么，为什么幸福能够传染？一个原因或许是，幸福的人会与亲朋好友分享好运气（例如，提供实际的帮助，或在经济上慷慨解囊）。另一个原因可能是，幸福的人往往会改善自己的行为，会对周围的人更加友好，或减少敌意。又或许只是因为正面情绪具有高度传染性。UNIT2CityDesign城市设计ExercisesA.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1．随着大量市民被迫迁到遥远的郊外，汽车的需求量正在飞涨。2．生态城市(eco-city)将把传统设计要素同最先进的绿色技术相结合。3．预计到2010年将有一千辆燃料电池车(fuel-cellvehicles)投入使用，而到2012年将增至一万辆。4．如今，各地方政府几乎无一不在探讨有关生态农村、生态城镇或生态城市计划的话题。5．全世界大约一半的人口居住在城市，所以研究能缓解城市对环境影响的途径势在必行。B.ReadthetextandtranslateitintoChinese.Onceatasupermarket,Ireadathought-provokingsignatthecheck-outcounter.Itsaidthestorewasusingonlyplasticbags.Thesupermarketclaimedthattheenergyandexhaustfumesexpeledtoproduceandtransportthesamenumberofpaperbagsoutweighedthefactthatplasticwasn'tbiodegradable.Paperbagstakeupmorespaceandrequiremoretrucksfortransport,sothestorebelieveditwaslesseningitscarbonfootprintbyusingplastic.Itgotmethinkingfurther.Whynotaskforplasticandbringyourusedplasticbagseachtimeyouvisitthegrocerystore?Ifyouusethemfiveorsixtimes,oruntiltheystartfallingapart,youhavereallydoneagoodthing.Youcanalsousethemtolineyoursmallwastebaskets,insteadofpurchasingplastictrashbags.【参考答案】阅读理解1.(Hetakes)abus.2.Carsnotonlydoharmtopeople'shealthbutalsocauseheavytrafficjam.3.Designcitiesforpeoplenot(for)cars.4.Becausepeopledependlargelyoncars.5.Therewouldbeallcars(mechanism)no-human.【练习参考答案】A．汉译英1.Thedemandforcarsissoaringasgrowingnumbersofcitizensarepushedintodistantsuburbs.2.Theeco-citywillcombineelementsoftraditionaldesignwiththelatestgreentechnologies.3.Onethousandfuel-cellvehicleswillbeestimatedtoputtouseby2010andincreaseto10,000by2012.4.Thesedays,thereishardlyalocalgovernmentthatdoesnottalkaboutplansforaneco-village,townorevencity.5.Itisfairlynecessarytosearchforwaystoreducetheenvironmentalimpactofcitiesbecausearoundhalfoftheworld'spopulationisnowcity-dwellers(isnowlivingincities).B．英译汉有一次在一家超市的收银处，我看到了一则发人深思的广告，上面写着：本店只用塑料袋。超市声称：事实上生产和运输同量纸袋所消耗的能源和所排放的废气的危害大大超过塑料袋不能进行生物降解的危害。而且纸袋占用的空间更大，需要更多的卡车运送。因此，超市认为使用塑料袋可以减少碳足迹。该告示促使我作了进一步的思考。为什么使用了塑料袋后，不能每次再去杂货店时带上重复使用呢？如果能用上五六次，或者用到破了为止，你岂不是做了一件大好事。你也可以把塑料袋铺在小垃圾筐里盛垃圾，而不用再买垃圾专用塑料袋。UNIT3Population人口ExercisesA.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish1．亚洲大陆面积占世界陆地面积的29%。2．人口的增加使土地必须生产更多的粮食。3．我们应该先进行抽样调查再写报告。4．我承认我在工作中因缺乏经验犯过这样那样的