英语专业词汇学lecture 1

EnglishLexicology主讲：田丽AboutMe田丽，吉林人。1999年考入大学后离开家乡。在湖南长沙求学七年，喜欢利用业余时间四处走走看看。求学期间曾去过秀美的桂林，徜徉于具有浓厚异域风情的西街；曾去过繁华的广州，游弋于上下九路的众多店铺之中，穿梭在广外和中山大学之间；AboutMe曾去过南昌，领略过滕王阁的书卷气息；去过武汉，感受过黄鹤楼的壮美，品尝过武昌鱼的鲜美；曾去过河南郑州，攀爬过太行山;当然也来过济南，领略过泰山的雄伟壮丽。Education1999年考入中南大学外国语学院，专修科技英语；2003年保送攻读中南大学外国语学院攻读硕士学位，师从博士生导师韩景泉教授，主攻理论语言学，形式语言学及句法学，这期间对翻译理论与实践、语义学、语用学及英语教学法等亦有涉猎。研究方向为：理论语言学、句法学、形式语言学、教学法及英语词汇学。主讲课程为：《大学英语》系列，《英语精读》、《高级英语》课程中的阅读及词汇部分及《英语词汇学》ContactMeTel:18660400607QQ:8851736E-mail:[e-mail]03年大学毕业照05年广州调研照片教材及参考资料教材：EnglishLexicology:aCoursebook,汪榕培、王之江、朱越峰主编，华东师范大学出版社，2011年8月第一版。练习册：《英语词汇学实践》，汪榕培、王之江主编，上海外语教育出版社，2008年9月第1版。教材及参考资料参考资料：1.《英语词汇学》，汪榕培、王之江主编，上海外语教育出版社，2008年9月第1版。2.《现代英语词汇学教程》，丁建新主编，重庆大学出版社，2004年10第1版。3.《现代英语词汇学》（新版），陆国强编著，上海外语教育出版社，1999年9月第1版。4.《英语词汇学高级教程》，汪榕培、王之江主编，上海外语教育出版社，2006年9月第1版。5.《英语词汇学教程》，张维友编著，华中师范大学出版社，2006年。6.《语言学教程》（修定版），胡壮麟主编，北京大学出版社，2001年。TeachingObjectives通过讲授词汇学基本理论、并着重通过对各种实例进行构词、语义及词类分析，对学生进行词汇分析基本训练，使学生了解并初步掌握词汇学理论、基本词汇学概念和词汇框架以及各种英语词汇特征，初步学会对词汇进行正确的分析，提高学生使用和欣赏各种英语词语和具体英语单词的能力、了解并关注词汇文体的意识及词汇分析能力，提高学生的逻辑思维能力、英汉语言词汇比较能力和词汇翻译能力Requirements1.学生自由选择组成若干学习小组，合作完成presentation任务。2.要求学生通过认真听讲、积极参与提问和讨论、读阅一些参考书、结合其它场合的语料，多多观察体会从而领会词语构成、语义、文体。3.考核方式：考试4.成绩组成：平时（20%）+presentation(30%)+finalexam(50%)Lecture1BasicConceptsPointsforthinking:1.Howdoyoudefine“word”?2.Whatisvocabulary?3.Whatislexicology?1.1WordsClassicaldefinition:““aminimumfreeformisaword.”LeonardBloomfield(1933).Thewordisthesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitthatcanbeusedonitsown.Itsphysicalformcannotbedividedintosmallerunitsthatcanbeusedindepentlytoconveythesamemeaning.Book,bookish,AccordingtoBloomfield,thewordcanconstitutebyitself,acompleteutterance.--IsJanecomingthisevening?---Possibly.Hi,darling,bother,shit.A,THE---Whatismissinginasentencesuchas‘doisbarking’?--AWordisaunitofexpressionthathasuniversalintuiverecognitionbynative-speakers,whetheritisexpressedinspokenorwrittenform.(Huzhuanglin,76)ThreedimensionsofWordsphonologicaldimensionphysicaldimensionsemanticrelationshipPhonologicalDimensionWordmaybeseenasaclusterofsoundsegmentsorlettersbetweentwopausesorblanksasseeninthefollowingexamples.Phonological:/itiswonderful/Orthographic:itiswonderful.Problem:Phonological:/it’swonderful/Orthographic:it’swonderful.PhysicalStructureExternalstructurefromamorphologicalpointofview:Revitalized:re-vital-ize-d.Morphemes（词素，语素）:theminimalunitsofmeaninginalanguage.Kind-kindly,kindness,kindliness,unkind,unkindly,Like-likely,unlike,alike,likelihoodPure-impure,impurity,purify,purificationResponse-responsive,responsible,irresponsible,responsibility.WriteWritesWroteWritingWrittenFatFatterfattestLEXEMELEXEMEispostulatedastheabstractunitunderlyingthesmallestunitinthelexicalsystemofalanguage,whichappearsindifferentgrammaticalcontexts.RootandAffixesInawordwhichiscomposedofmorethanonemorphemethereisacentralonewhichcontainstheprincipalmeaning,andaperipheraloneorperipheralonesattachedtothecentralmorpheme,suchasundecided.Thecentralmorphemeiscalledtheroot,Theperipheralmorphemesarecalledaffixes.CompoundingandConversionCompounding（复合）involvesthecombinationofmorethanoneroottoformanewword(e.g.babysit,teapot).Conversion(类转）involvesachangeinthewordclassofawordwithouttheadditionofaffixes(e.g.objectn.–objectv.).SemanticStructureoftheWordAword’ssemanticorinternalstructure,iscommonlyreferredtoasitsmeaning,whichisthemostimportantcharacteristicsoftheword.Denotation（外延义）Awordhastheabilityofdenotingconcreteobjects,realqualities,actualactionsandabstractnotions.Denotationreferstotheconceptualmeaningoftheword.Thedirect,explicitmeaningorreferenceofawordorterm.(Webster'sNewOxfordDictionary)Home:aplacewhereonelivesConnotation(内涵义）Connotation:isalsocalledconnotativemeaningoraffectivemeaning.Inacontext,thechoiceofawordmaydependontheattitudeofthespeaker,i.e.onhowthespeakerfeelstowardstheperson,thing,oractionthathe/sheisthinkingabout.Statesman,politician,Lean,slim,skinny,slender,thinTheNewOxfordDictionaryofEnglish(1998):Asingledistinctmeaningfulelementofspeechorwriting,usedwithothers(orsometimesalone)toformasentenceandtypicallyshownwithaspaceoneithersidewhenwrittenorprinted.NatureofaWord1.Aunitofspeechorwriting,whichservesthepurposefulhumancommunication;2.Thetotalsoundsthatcompriseit;3.Inwriting,isseenasasequenceoflettersboundedoneithersidebyablankspace;4.Theword,viewedlinguistically,possessesitsphysicalstructureandsemanticstructure.IdentificationofWords1.StabilityWordsarethemoststableofalllinguisticuinits,inrespectoftheirinternalstruture,thatis,theconstituentpartsofacomplexwordhavelittlepotentialforrearrangement,.Chairman,*manchair.2.RelativeuninterrutibilityNewelementsarenottobeinsertedintoawordwhenthereareseveralpartsinaword.disappointment3.AminimumfreeformClassificaionofWords(1)Variableandinvariablewords(2)Grammaticalwordsandlexicalwords(3)Closed-classandopen-classwords(4)WordclassVariableandinvariableWordsWordscanbeclassifiedaccordingtotheirvariability.Invariablewords,oncouldfindorderedandregularseriesofgrammaticallydifferentwordforms;ontheotherhand,partofthewordremainsconstant.Follo