复旦研究生综合英语2(修订版)-Unit5

Unit5ReflectionsonHisEightiethBirthdayU5AdditionallnformationfortheTeacher’sReferenceTextReflectionsonHisEightiethBirthdayWarm-upActivitiesFurtherReadingWritingSkillsAdditionalWorkUnit5ReflectionsonHisEightiethBirthdayWarm-upActivities1.Russellwritesinoneofhisworks,“Threepassions,simplebutoverwhelminglystrong,havegovernedmylife:thelongingforlove,thesearchforknowledge,andunbearablepityforthesufferingofmankind.”Whatarethepassionsthatruleyourlifenow?2.OneofRussell’sfamousquotesis,“Thegoodlifeisoneinspiredbyloveandguidedbyknowledge.”Trytopresentyourownunderstandingandexplanationofthissentence.Ishis“goodlife”thesameasyours?Warm-up1.1Unit5ReflectionsonHisEightiethBirthday●Astupidman’sreportofwhataclevermansayscanneverbeaccurate,becauseheunconsciouslytranslateswhathehearsintosomethinghecanunderstand.●Donotfeartobeeccentricinopinion,foreveryopinionnowacceptedwasonceeccentric.●Everythingisvaguetoadegreeyoudonotrealizetillyouhavetriedtomakeitprecise.●Ithinkweoughtalwaystoentertainouropinionswithsomemeasureofdoubt.Ishouldn’twishpeopledogmaticallytobelieveanyphilosophy,notevenmine.Warm-up4.13.StudythefollowingBertrandRussellQuotations:Unit5ReflectionsonHisEightiethBirthday●IwouldneverdieformybeliefsbecauseImightbewrong.●Ifamanisofferedafactwhichgoesagainsthisinstincts,hewillscrutinizeitclosely,andunlesstheevidenceisoverwhelming,hewillrefusetobelieveit.If,ontheotherhand,heisofferedsomethingwhichaffordsareasonforactinginaccordancetohisinstincts,hewillacceptitevenontheslightestevidence.●Iftherewereintheworldtodayanylargenumberofpeoplewhodesiredtheirownhappinessmorethantheydesiredtheunhappinessofothers,wecouldhaveparadiseinafewyears.Warm-up4.2Unit5ReflectionsonHisEightiethBirthdayWarm-up4.3●Inallaffairsit’sahealthythingnowandthentohangaquestionmarkonthethingsyouhavelongtakenforgranted.●Inthepartofthisuniversethatweknowthereisgreatinjustice,andoftenthegoodsuffer,andoftenthewickedprosper,andonehardlyknowswhichofthoseisthemoreannoying.●Ithasbeensaidthatmanisarationalanimal.AllmylifeIhavebeensearchingforevidencewhichcouldsupportthis.●Itisawasteofenergytobeangrywithamanwhobehavesbadly,justasitistobeangrywithacarthatwon’tgo.●Manypeoplewouldsoonerdiethanthink;infact,theydoso.Unit5ReflectionsonHisEightiethBirthdayWarm-up4.4●Mathematics,rightlyviewed,possessesnotonlytruth,butsupremebeauty—abeautycoldandaustere,likethatofsculpture.●Menfearthoughtastheyfearnothingelseonearth—morethanruin—moreeventhandeath...Thoughtissubversiveandrevolutionary,destructiveandterrible,thoughtismercilesstoprivilege,establishedinstitutions,andcomfortablehabit.Thoughtlooksintothepitofhellandisnotafraid.Thoughtisgreatandswiftandfree,thelightoftheworld,andthechiefgloryofman.●Noonegossipsaboutotherpeople’ssecretvirtues.Unit5ReflectionsonHisEightiethBirthdayWarm-up4.5●Passiveacceptanceoftheteacher’swisdomiseasytomostboysandgirls.Itinvolvesnoeffortofindependentthought,andseemsrationalbecausetheteacherknowsmorethanhispupils;itismoreoverthewaytowinthefavouroftheteacherunlessheisaveryexceptionalman.Yetthehabitofpassiveacceptanceisadisastrousoneinlaterlife.Itcausesmantoseekandtoacceptaleader,andtoacceptasaleaderwhoeverisestablishedinthatposition.●Sciencemaysetlimitstoknowledge,butshouldnotsetlimitstoimagination.Unit5ReflectionsonHisEightiethBirthday●SofarasIcanremember,thereisnotonewordintheGospelsinpraiseofintelligence.●Thegoodlife,asIconceiveit,isahappylife.IdonotmeanthatifyouaregoodyouwillbehappyImeanthatifyouarehappyyouwillbegood.●Thegreatestchallengetoanythinkerisstatingtheprobleminawaythatwillallowasolution.●Themainthingswhichseemtomeimportantontheirownaccount,andnotmerelyasmeanstootherthings,areknowledge,art,instinctivehappiness,andrelationsoffriendshiporaffection.●Themostsavagecontroversiesarethoseaboutmattersastowhichthereisnogoodevidenceeitherway.Warm-up4.6Unit5ReflectionsonHisEightiethBirthday●Thepeoplewhoareregardedasmoralluminariesarethosewhoforegoordinarypleasuresthemselvesandfindcompensationininterferingwiththepleasuresofothers.●Thewholeproblemwiththeworldisthatfoolsandfanaticsarealwayssocertainofthemselves,butwiserpeoplesofullofdoubts.Warm-up4.7Unit5ReflectionsonHisEightiethBirthdayBertrandArthurWilliamRussell(1872-1970),Britishphilosopher,logician,essayist,andsocialcritic,isbestknownforhisworkinmathematicallogicandanalyticphilosophy.Hismostinfluentialcontributionsincludehisdefenseoflogicism,andhistheoriesofdefinitedescriptionsandlogicalatomism.AlongwithG.E.Moore,Russellisgenerallyrecognizedasoneofthefoundersofanalyticalphilosophy.Heisalsousuallycreditedwithbeingoneofthetwomostimportantlogiciansofthe20thcentury,theotherbeingKurtGodel.Overthecourseofhislonglifespanningthe19thand20thAIFTTR1.1AdditionallnformationfortheTeacher’sReference1.BertrandRussellUnit5ReflectionsonHisEightiethBirthdayAIFTTR1.2centuries,Russellmadesignificantcontributions,notjusttophilosophy,buttoawiderangeofothersubjectsaswell.Manyofhiswritingsonawidevarietyoftopics,includingeducation,ethics,politics,history,religionandpopularscience,haveinfluencedgenerationsofreaders.Afteralife