对工业 4.0 背景下的智能制造的回顾

Engineering3(2017)616–630ResearchIntelligentManufacturing—ReviewIntelligentManufacturingintheContextofIndustry4.0:AReviewRayY.Zhonga,XunXua,*,EberhardKlotzb,StephenT.NewmancaDepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,TheUniversityofAuckland,Auckland1142,NewZealandbIndustry4.0Campaign,FestoAG&Co.KG,Esslingen73726,GermanycDepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,UniversityofBath,BathBA27AY,UKarticleinfoabstractArticlehistory:Received31March2017Revised26May2017Accepted13June2017Availableonline24October2017Ournextgenerationofindustry—Industry4.0—holdsthepromiseofincreasedflexibilityinmanufacturing,alongwithmasscustomization,betterquality,andimprovedproductivity.Itthusenablescompaniestocopewiththechallengesofproducingincreasinglyindividualizedproductswithashortlead-timetomarketandhigherquality.IntelligentmanufacturingplaysanimportantroleinIndustry4.0.Typicalresourcesarecon-vertedintointelligentobjectssothattheyareabletosense,act,andbehavewithinasmartenvironment.InordertofullyunderstandintelligentmanufacturinginthecontextofIndustry4.0,thispaperprovidesacomprehensivereviewofassociatedtopicssuchasintelligentmanufacturing,InternetofThings(IoT)-enabledmanufacturing,andcloudmanufacturing.Similaritiesanddifferencesinthesetopicsarehighlightedbasedonouranalysis.WealsoreviewkeytechnologiessuchastheIoT,cyber-physicalsystems(CPSs),cloudcomputing,bigdataanalytics(BDA),andinformationandcommunicationstechnology(ICT)thatareusedtoenableintelligentmanufacturing.Next,wedescribeworldwidemovementsinintelligentmanufacturing,includinggovernmentalstrategicplansfromdifferentcountriesandstrategicplansfrommajorinternation-alcompaniesintheEuropeanUnion,UnitedStates,Japan,andChina.Finally,wepresentcurrentchallengesandfutureresearchdirections.Theconceptsdiscussedinthispaperwillsparknewideasintheefforttorealizethemuch-anticipatedFourthIndustrialRevolution.©2017THEAUTHORS.PublishedbyElsevierLTDonbehalfoftheChineseAcademyofEngineeringandHigherEducationPressLimitedCompany.ThisisanopenaccessarticleundertheCCBY-NC-NDlicense().Keywords:IntelligentmanufacturingIndustry4.0InternetofThingsManufacturingsystemsCloudmanufacturingCyber-physicalsystem1.IntroductionIndustry4.0,aGermanstrategicinitiative,isaimedatcreatingin-telligentfactorieswheremanufacturingtechnologiesareupgradedandtransformedbycyber-physicalsystems(CPSs),theInternetofThings(IoT),andcloudcomputing[1,2].IntheIndustry4.0era,manufacturingsystemsareabletomonitorphysicalprocesses,createaso-called“digitaltwin”(or“cybertwin”)ofthephysicalworld,andmakesmartdecisionsthroughreal-timecommunicationandcooperationwithhumans,machines,sensors,andsoforth[3].Industry4.0combinesembeddedproductionsystemtechnologieswithintelligentproductionprocessestopavethewaytoanewtechnologicalagethatwillfundamentallytransformindustryvaluechains,productionvaluechains,andbusinessmodels.InthecontextofIndustry4.0,manufacturingsystemsareupdatedtoanintelligentlevel.Intelligentmanufacturingtakesadvantageofadvancedinformationandmanufacturingtechnologiestoachieveflexible,smart,andreconfigurablemanufacturingprocessesinordertoaddressadynamicandglobalmarket[4].Itenablesallphysicalprocessesandinformationflowstobeavailablewhenandwheretheyareneededacrossholisticmanufacturingsupplychains,mul-tipleindustries,smallandmedium-sizedenterprises(SMEs),andlargecompanies[5,6].Intelligentmanufacturingrequirescertainunderpinningtechnologiesinordertoenabledevicesormachinestovarytheirbehaviorsinresponsetodifferentsituationsandre-quirementsbasedonpastexperiencesandlearningcapacities[7].Thesetechnologiesenabledirectcommunicationwithmanufactur-ingsystems,therebyallowingproblemstobesolvedandadaptivedecisionstobemadeinatimelyfashion.Sometechnologiesalsohaveartificialintelligence(AI),whichallowsmanufacturingsystems*Correspondingauthor.E-mailaddress:[e-mail]©2017THEAUTHORS.PublishedbyElsevierLTDonbehalfoftheChineseAcademyofEngineeringandHigherEducationPressLimitedCompany.ThisisanopenaccessarticleundertheCCBY-NC-NDlicense().ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectjournalhomepage:(2017)616–630tolearnfromexperiencesinordertoultimatelyrealizeaconnected,intelligent,andubiquitousindustrialpractice.Similarconceptstointelligentmanufacturingincludecloudman-ufacturingandIoT-enabledmanufacturing.Inordertofullyunder-standintelligentmanufacturinginthecontextofIndustry4.0,thispaperreviews165papersfromtheScopusandGoogleScholardata-basesandclearlypresentskeyconceptssuchasintelligentmanufac-turing,IoT-enabledmanufacturing,andcloudmanufacturing.Next,thispaperdiscusseskeytechnologiessuchastheIoT,CPSs,cloudcomputing,bigdataanalytics(BDA),andinformationandcommu-nicationstechnology(ICT)thatareusedtosupportintelligentman-ufacturing.Worldwidemovementsinintelligentmanufacturingarethendiscussed,includingcasesfromgovernmentbodiesandgiantcompaniesintheEuropeanUnion,UnitedState