Unit-3-Alienation-and-the-Internet-Words-and-expre

UNIT3ALIENATIONANDTHEINTERNETWordsandexpressionsgiven:prep.whenyouconsidersth.e.g.Givenhisage(=consideringhowoldheis),he’sremarkablyactive.Givenherinterestinchildren,teachingseemstherightjobforher.giventhat:conj.e.g.Itwassurprisingthegovernmentwasre-elected,giventhattheyhadraisedtaxessomuch.a.fixedforapurposeandstatedassuche.g.Theyweretomeetatagiventimeandplace.equivalent:n.sth.equalinvalue,measure,force,effectorsignificanceCollocation:equivalent(of/tosth.)e.g.Thedresscosttheequivalentofaweek’ssalary.WhatistheequivalentoffiftypoundsinUSdollars?a.equalinvalue,amount,meaning,importance,etc.Collocation:equivalent(tosth.)e.g.Eightkilometersisroughlyequivalenttofivemiles.Rewritethesentenceusing“equivalent”:Breathingsuchpollutedairhasthesameeffectassmokingtencigarettesaday.Answer:Breathingsuchpollutedairistheequivalentofsmokingtencigarettesaday.Breathingsuchpollutedairisequivalenttosmokingtencigarettesaday.dramatically:ad.suddenlyandnoticeablye.g.Priceshavefallendramatically.Eventscouldhavedevelopedinadramaticallydifferentway.Derivation:dramatica.e.g.adramaticincrease/fall/change/improvementdramaticresults/developments/newsalter:v.becomedifferent;makesb./sth.differente.g.HehadalteredsomuchthatIscarcelyrecognizedhim.Nothingcanalterthefactthatwearetoblame.Thelandscapehasbeenradicallyaltered,severelydamagingwildlife.Derivations:alteration:n.achangetosth.thatmakesitdifferente.g.Theyaremakingmajor/minoralterationstothehouse.alternate:a.(oftwothings)happeningorfollowingoneaftertheotherregularlye.g.Sheputsalternatelayersoffruitandcreamtomakecake.v.(causeto)followbyturnse.g.Wealternateperiodsofworkandsleep.alternative:n.athingthatyoucanchoosetodoorhaveoutoftwoormorepossibilitiese.g.Youcanbepaidincashweeklyorbycheckmonthly;thosearethetwoalternatives.a.[onlybeforenoun]e.g.Haveyougotanalternativesuggestion?Blankfilling:Thisshirtwillhavetobe________;itistoolarge.Thisshirtneeds________;itistoolarge.Hismoods________betweenhappinessandgloom.Thismethoddoesn’twork.Doyouhavean_______solution?(Answer:1.altered2.alteration3.alternate4.alternative)further:v.helpforwarde.g.Additionaltrainingisprobablythebestwaytofurtheryourcareerthesedays.Theinterestsofanorganizationwillneverbefurtheredthroughactsofterrorism.fragment:①v.breakintopartsorsmallpiecese.g.ThesatellitewillfragmentandburnupasitfallsthroughtheEarth’satmosphere.Thegovernmentisplanningtofragmenttheindustrybeforeprivatizingit.②n.asmallpartofsth.thathasbrokenofforcomesfromsth.largere.g.Policefoundfragmentsofglassnearthescene.Ioverheardafragmentoftheirconversation.Pronunciation:Notethatwhenthesameformisusedasanoun,thestressshiftstothefirstsyllable.Derivations:fragmentation:n.e.g.thefragmentationofthecountryintosmallindependentstatesfragmented:a.e.g.afragmentedsocietyalienate:v.causesb.tofeelverydistantfromornotwelcometosb.elsee.g.Shewasalienatedfromherbrotherbyherfoolishbehavior.Allthesechangestothenewspaperhavealienateditstraditionalreaders.Derivations:alien:a.&n.e.g.Inaworldthathadsuddenlybecomealienanddangerous,hewasheronlysecurity.(a.)aliensfromouterspace(n.)alienation:n.e.g.Thenewpolicyresultedinthealienationofmanyvoters.Manyimmigrantssufferfromasenseofalienation.addicted:a.beingdependentonsth.andwantingtospendasmuchtimedoingitaspossibleCollocation:beaddictedtosth.e.g.Someyoungstersarehopelesslyaddictedtovideogames.She’sbecomeaddictedtolovestories.Derivations:addiction:n.e.g.Heisnowfightinghisaddictiontoalcohol.addictive:a.e.g.Heroinishighlyaddictive.alcoholic:n.sb.whocannotstopdrinkinglargeamountsofalcohol,evenwhenthisismakinghimorherillWordFormation:-aholic:suffixinnounslikingsth.verymuchandunabletostopdoingorusingite.g.shopaholic;chocaholic;workaholicinthat:conj.(formal)forthereasonthat;becausee.g.Shewasfortunateinthatshehadfriendstohelpher.Mendifferfrombrutesinthattheycanthinkandspeak.Thenewswasallthemorereliableinthatitwasfromanofficialsource.begivento:(formal)dosth.oftenorregularlyCollocation:begiventosth./doingsth.e.g.Heisgiventoheavydrinking.Heisgiventogoingforlongwalkonhisown.exaggeration:n.actionofmakingasituation,quality,orfeatureappeargreater,moreobvious,ormoreimportantthanitreallyise.g.Hetoldhisstorysimplyandwithoutexaggeration.Derivation:exaggeratev.tomakesth.seemlarger,better,worseormoreimportantthanitreallyise.g.ThehotelwasreallyfilthyandI’mnotexaggerating.Hetendstoexaggeratethedifficulties.binge:n.anoccasionwhenanactivityisdoneinanextremeway,esp.eating,drinkingorspendingmoneye.g.goonabinge/anInternetbinge/achocolatebingeOneofthesymptomsofthisdiseaseisbingeeating.skew:v.causetobenotstraightorexact;twiste.g.Thecompany’sresultsforthisyearareskewedbecausenotallourcustomershavepaidtheirbills.Today’selectionwillskewtheresultsinfavourofthenorthernendofthecountry.lament:v.toexpresssadnessandregretaboutsth.e.g.Helamentedthedeathofhisfriend.ShelamentedthatshehadneverbeentoParis.Derivation:lamentable:a.verydisappointinge.g.Sheshowsalamentablelackofunderstanding....itstruckusthat…:...itoccurredtousthat…/...wesuddenlyrealizedthat…e.g.Howdoestheconcertlastnightstrikeyou?He