Winston Churchill丘吉尔中英文简介

Page1©Arvetica无忧PPT整理发布WinstonChurchill(30November1874–24January1965)Never,never,never,nevergiveup.永远，永远，永远，永远都不要放弃。SirWinstonLeonardSpencer-Churchill温斯顿·伦纳德·斯宾塞·丘吉尔爵士SirWinstonChurchillwasaBritishprimeministerandstatesmanwholedthecountrytovictoryagainstNaziGermanyandtheAxispowersinWorldWarTwo.ChurchillwasalsoanofficerintheBritishArmy,ahistorian,awriter,andanartist.HeistheonlyBritishprimeministertohavereceivedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature,andwasthefirstpersontobemadeanHonoraryCitizenoftheUnitedStates.Familyandearlylife丘吉尔出生于英国的一个贵族家庭。他的祖上约翰·丘吉尔因在“光荣革命”中支持威廉三世，且又在对西班牙和法国的战争中做为军队总司令取得胜利而于1702年被安妮女王封为马尔巴罗公爵（DukeofMalborough）.丘吉尔的父亲伦道夫·丘吉尔勋爵（RandolphChurchill）是马尔巴罗公爵七世的第三个儿子，是保守党“樱草会”（保守党中的一个派系，以工人阶级为主）的创办人，曾担任过内阁中仅次于首相的财政大臣。丘吉尔的母亲珍妮·杰罗姆是美国百万富翁、《纽约时报》股东之一的伦纳德·杰罗姆的女儿。ChurchillwasbornintothearistocraticfamilyoftheDukesofMarlborough.Winston'sfather,LordRandolphChurchill,thethirdsonofJohnSpencer-Churchill,7thDukeofMarlborough,wasapolitician;andhismother,LadyRandolphChurchillwasthedaughterofAmericanmillionaireLeonardJerome.Familyandearlylife1881年，7岁的丘吉尔被送入一个贵族子弟学校读书，丘吉尔是学校中最顽皮、最贪吃、成绩最差的学生之一，因此经常遭到老师的体罚，后来不得不转学到另一所学校。1888年丘吉尔进入仅次于伊顿公学的哈罗公学就读，但是成绩依然不佳，伦道夫勋爵于是决定在儿子毕业后将他送到桑赫斯特皇家军事学院。Independentandrebelliousbynature,Churchillgenerallydidpoorlyinschool,forwhichhewaspunished.Hewaseducatedatthreeindependentschools:St.George'sSchool,Ascot,Berkshire,followedbyBrunswickSchoolinHove,nearBrightonandthenatHarrowSchoolfrom17April1888,wherehismilitarycareerbegan.Withinweeksofhisarrival,hehadjoinedtheHarrowRifleCorps.MilitaryserviceAfterChurchillleftHarrowin1893,heappliedtoattendtheRoyalMilitaryCollege,Sandhurst.Ittookthreeattemptsbeforehepassedtheentranceexam.丘吉尔在1893年离开了哈罗公学，此后经过了三次入学考试，才于1893年成功考入桑赫斯特皇家军事学院。In1895,ChurchilltravelledtoCubatoobservetheSpanishfighttheCubanguerrillas;hehadobtainedacommissiontowriteabouttheconflictfromtheDailyGraphic.InCuba,hesoonacquiredatasteforHavanacigars,whichhewouldsmokefortherestofhislife.1895年10月，丘吉尔利用假期和朋友一起到古巴亲身体验一下西班牙和古巴人民起义的战争。由于其父亲的关系，丘吉尔被英国情报部门看中，要他负责收集西班牙军队所使用的枪弹的情报，此外，《每日纪事报》也聘请他为随军记者，为该报发稿。MilitaryserviceMilitaryserviceIn1899,theSecondBoerWarbetweenBritainandtheBoerRepublicsbrokeoutandheobtainedacommissiontoactaswarcorrespondentfortheMorningPost.Aftersomeweeksinexposedareasheaccompaniedascoutingexpeditioninanarmouredtrain,leadingtohiscaptureandimprisonmentinaPOWcampinPretoria.HisactionsduringtheambushofthetrainledtospeculationthathewouldbeawardedtheVictoriaCross,Britain'shighestawardforgallantryinthefaceoftheenemy,butthisdidnotoccur.Heescapedfromtheprisoncampandtravelledalmost300milestoPortugueseLourençoMarquesinDelagoaBay,withtheassistanceofanEnglishminemanager.HisescapemadehimaminornationalheroforatimeinBritain丘吉尔在同年9月以《晨邮报》记者的身份前往南非，采访第二次布尔战争。在随英军士兵行伍途中，被布尔人俘虏（据闻是被日后成为南非总理的史末资所掳），被关押在普勒多利亚的战俘营。丘吉尔虽然是随军记者，但因携带武器并参加战斗，布尔人拒绝释放他。到了12月，丘吉尔大胆地独自一人越狱成功，在当地一个英国侨民的帮助下逃到了洛伦索－马贵斯（今莫桑比克首都马普托）的英国领事馆。这一经历使得他在英国的名声大噪。MilitaryserviceDuringhisarmycareer,ChurchillsawactioninIndia,intheSudanandtheSecondBoerWar.Hegainedfameandnotorietyasawarcorrespondentandthroughcontemporarybookshewrotedescribingthecampaigns.HealsoservedbrieflyintheBritishArmyontheWesternFrontinWorldWarI,commandingthe6thBattalionoftheRoyalScotsFusiliers.PoliticalcareertotheSecondWorldWarAttheforefrontofthepoliticalsceneforalmostfiftyyears,heheldmanypoliticalandcabinetpositions.BeforetheFirstWorldWar,heservedasPresidentoftheBoardofTrade,HomeSecretaryandFirstLordoftheAdmiraltyaspartoftheAsquithLiberalgovernment.DuringthewarhecontinuedasFirstLordoftheAdmiraltyuntilthedisastrousBattleofGallipolicausedhisdeparturefromgovernment.HereturnedasMinisterofMunitions,SecretaryofStateforWarandSecretaryofStateforAir.Intheinterwaryears,heservedasChancelloroftheExchequerintheConservativegovernment.PoliticalcareertotheSecondWorldWarAftertheoutbreakoftheSecondWorldWar,ChurchillwasagainappointedFirstLordoftheAdmiralty.FollowingtheresignationofNevilleChamberlainon10May1940,hebecamePrimeMinisteroftheUnitedKingdomandledBritaintovictoryagainsttheAxispowers.Churchillwasalwaysnotedforhisspeeches,whichbecameagreatinspirationtotheBritishpeopleandembattledAlliedforces.ChurchillhadbeenamongthefirsttorecognisethegrowingthreatofHitlerlongbeforetheoutsetoftheSecondWorldWar.ByrefusinganarmisticewithGermany,ChurchillkeptresistancealiveintheBritishEmpireandcreatedthebasisforthelaterAlliedcounter-attacksof1942–45,withBritainservingasaplatformforthesupplyofSovietUnionandtheliberationofWesternEurope.RelationswiththeUnitedStatesChurchill'sgoodrelationshipwithFranklinD.Rooseveltsecuredvitalfood,oilandmunitionsviatheNorthAtlanticshippingroutes.ItwasforthisreasonthatChurchillwasrelievedwhenRooseveltwasre-electedin1940.Uponre-election,RooseveltimmediatelysetaboutimplementinganewmethodofprovidingmilitaryhardwareandshippingtoBritainwithouttheneedformonetarypayment.Putsimply,RooseveltpersuadedCongressthatrepaymentforthisimmenselycostlyservicewouldtaketheformofdefendingtheUS;andsoLend-leasewasborn.我没有别的，只有热血、辛劳、眼泪和汗水献给大家……你们问：我们的目的是什么？我可以用一个词来答复：胜利，不惜一切代价去争取胜利，无论多么恐怖也要争取胜利，无论道路多么遥远艰难，