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ImprovecommunicativeskillsIstudy.Istrive.Isucceed.Voice动词的语态语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。ImprovecommunicativeskillsIstudy.Istrive.Isucceed.Teachingobjective•Aftertheclass,studentsareexpectedtobeabletochangeactivevoiceintopassivevoicewithnoerror.ImprovecommunicativeskillsIstudy.Istrive.Isucceed.Comparethefollowingsentences.她说英语。ShespeaksEnglish.全世界的人们都在说英语。Englishisspoken(bypeople)allovertheworld.主动语态(activevoice):主语是动作的执行者。被动语态(passivevoice):主语是动作的承受者。ImprovecommunicativeskillsIstudy.Istrive.Isucceed.一般进行完成现在(主动)现在(被动)过去(主动)过去(被动)I.语态的形式(FormsofPassiveVoice)amiswrittenarewritewritewriteshavebeenwrittenhaswaswritingwerewrotehavewrittenhasamisbeingwrittenareamiswritingarewaswrittenwerewasbeingwrittenwerehadwrittenhadbeenwrittenImprovecommunicativeskillsIstudy.Istrive.Isucceed.一般进行完成将来(主动)将来(被动)过去将来(主动)过去将来(被动)语态的形式(FormsofPassiveVoice)will/shallbewrittenwritewillwriteshallwillhavebeenwrittenshallwouldbewritingshouldwouldwriteshouldwillhavewrittenshallwillbewritingshallwould/shouldbewrittenwouldhavewrittenshouldwouldhavebeenwrittenshouldImprovecommunicativeskillsIstudy.Istrive.Isucceed.•汉语：用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动。•英语：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词•注意：只有及物动词才有被动语态ImprovecommunicativeskillsIstudy.Istrive.Isucceed.II.被动语态的用法(UsageofPassivevoice)•1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。•“Mr.White,thecupwasbroken.”(只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的。)•2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。•Thehotelwasdesignedbyafamousarchitect.•ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.ImprovecommunicativeskillsIstudy.Istrive.Isucceed.Changethefollowingsentencesintopassivevoice.•1.Mygrandfatherbuiltthehousein1980.•2.Ihavewatchedthatmovieformanytimes.•3.Heusuallypreparesforthedictationadayearlier.•4.Theyaretalkingaboutthenewstogether.•5.MyparentshadpackedmybagsbeforeIleft.•6.Wewillholdanewyearpartynextweek.•7.Ihavebeenthinkingabouttheproblemfordays.•8.Theteacheraskedustotaketheworkbook.ImprovecommunicativeskillsIstudy.Istrive.Isucceed.Changethefollowingsentencesintopassivevoice.•1.Mygrandfatherbuiltthehousein1980.•Thehousewasbuiltin1980bymygrandfather.•2.Ihavewatchedthatmovieformanytimes.•Thatmoviehasbeenwatchedformanytimesbyme.•3.Heusuallypreparesforthedictationadayearlier.•Thedictationisusuallypreparedforadayearlierbyhim.•4.Theyaretalkingaboutthenewstogether.•Thenewsisbeingtalkedaboutbythem.ImprovecommunicativeskillsIstudy.Istrive.Isucceed.Changethefollowingsentencesintopassivevoice.•5.MyparentshadpackedmybagsbeforeIleft.•MybaghadbeenpackedbymyparentsbeforeIleft.•6.Wewillholdanewyearpartynextweek.•Anewyearpartywillbeheldbyusnextweek.•7.Ihavebeenthinkingabouttheproblemfordays.•Theproblemhasbeenbeingthoughtaboutbymefordays.•8.Theteacheraskedustotaketheworkbook.Wewereaskedtotaketheworkbookbytheteacher.ImprovecommunicativeskillsIstudy.Istrive.Isucceed.PracticeDecidewhatvoiceshouldbeusedineachsentence.1我们选举他为俱乐部的主席。2他被选为俱乐部的主席。3老师要求我们翻译这些句子。4我们得到命令要按时完成这个任务。5公共场所禁止吸烟。6中国发生了巨大的变化。主动被动主动被动被动主动ImprovecommunicativeskillsIstudy.Istrive.Isucceed.Practice:Translatethefollowingsentences.1我们选举他为俱乐部的主席。Weelectedhimchairmanoftheclub.2他被选为俱乐部的主席。Hewaselectedchairmanoftheclub.3老师要求我们翻译这些句子。Theteacheraskedustotranslatethesentences.4我们得到命令要按时完成这个任务。Wewereaskedtocompletethetaskontime.5公共场所禁止吸烟。Smokingisprohibited/forbiddeninpublicplaces.6中国发生了巨大的的变化。Greatchangeshavehappened/takenplaceinChina.(主动)(被动)(主动)(被动)(被动)(主动)ImprovecommunicativeskillsIstudy.Istrive.Isucceed.Note!•1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。•Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.•Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.•Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.×√ImprovecommunicativeskillsIstudy.Istrive.Isucceed.•2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。•Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.•Iwasgivenapresent(bymyuncle)onmybirthday.•如果把直接宾语（指物）改为主语，则在间接宾语（指人）前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：•Apresentwasgiventome(bymyuncle)onmybirthday.ImprovecommunicativeskillsIstudy.Istrive.Isucceed.Heboughtmeanewbikeyesterday.IAnewbikewasboughtanewbikeyesterday.wasboughtyesterday.formeImprovecommunicativeskillsIstudy.Istrive.Isucceed.•3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。如:knockdown,laughat,operateon,listento,getridof,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout,findout,giveup,putoff,workout等。•Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.•Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.•Hisfriendwasknockeddownbyacar.•Severaltreeswereblowndowninthenight.•Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.ImprovecommunicativeskillsIstudy.Istrive.Isucceed.•4.带复合宾语（宾语+宾补）的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：•Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.•Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.•Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.•Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.ImprovecommunicativeskillsIstudy.Istrive.Isucceed.•5.make/have/see/hearsb.dosth.sb.bemade/had/seen/heardtodosth.•他的笑话把我们都逗笑了。•Hisjokesmadeusalllaugh.•我们都被他的笑话逗笑了。•Weweremadetolaughbyhisjokes.•有人看见他走出来。•Someonesawhimcomeout.•Hewasseentocomeout.ImprovecommunicativeskillsIstudy.Istrive.Isucceed.•6.转化为系动词的感官动词。feel,taste,sound,smellandlookGoodmedicinetastesbitter.•良药苦口。•这种衣料摸起来非常柔软。•Thematerialfeelsverysoft.•这花儿很香。•Theflowerssmellsweet.•这听上去很有道理。•Thatsoundsveryreasonable.•这间房