写作教程第二版(邹申)unit1-General(I)

TargetingGeneral(I)---ParagraphWarm-upActivitiesAdvantages1.convenient2.inanemergency3.savetime4.informationage5.graspanychancetosucceed6.playgamessurfthenet…Disadvantages1.expensive2.harmfulradiation3.disturbinginpublic4.dangerousindriving5.ringinembarrassingmoment6.callsfromstrangerscallsfromadvertising…havingamobilephonePartII---Paragraph1.Howaremyparagraphsgoinglooktomyreaders?2.Howlongshouldmyparagraphbe?outside1.Whatisaparagraphsupposedtodo?2.WhatshouldIkeepinmindwhenIamwritingone?insideTocreateapieceofwriting,wehavetostartwithparagraph.II.1TopicSentenceDefinition---AsentencethatnamesthetopicoftheparagraphandcontainsacontrollingideaiscalledT.S.Televisionprogramsforchildrenhavebecomeincreasinglyviolent.Learningaforeignlanguageismoreandmoreimportantforyoungpeople.CathyisthekindestneighborIhaveeverknown.Thefoodweeathasaprofoundeffectonourhealth.TopicControllingidea1.Selectingageneraltopic2.Readingandthinking3.Narrowingdownthescopeofyourtopictoafacetswhichcanbedevelopedintoaresearchpaper4.FormulatingthefinaltopicChoosingatopicsubjecttopicIsmytopic:1.toolimited?2.toobroad?3.tootechnical?4.yesterday’snews?5.toocontroversial?6.likableenough?Trytotellwhatarethosefollowingsentencesbelongsto,subjectortopic?Trytotellwhatarethosefollowingsentencesbelongsto,subjectortopic?1.Alternativefuels.2.HenryFord’sdevelopmentoftheassemblylineresultedinthemassproductionofcars.3.America’slegalsystem.4.Americaneedsaflattax.5.Butterflies.6.Isintelligencedeterminedbynatureorbynurture?subjectsubjectsubjecttopictopictopicUnsatisfactoryTopics1.Themajorpoets,painters,anddramatistsoftheRenaissance:---tooboardandcannotbecompletedwithinthetimeallocatedUnsatisfactoryTopics2.Americashouldlowerthedrinkingage.---boringorwrittenabouttoooften.3.Therearemanydifferenttheoriestoexplainthedisappearanceofthedinosaurs.---toobroadandcannotbecompletedwithinthetimeallocated.4.Americaneedsstrongercontrollaws.---boringorwrittenabouttoooften.UnsatisfactoryTopics5.Nanoscale“trees”improveefficiencyinlow-costplasticsolarcells.---unfamiliartoyou,soyoucannotwriteaboutitknowledgeably.GoodTopics1.Mediaproducersshouldprosecutepeoplewhodownloadcopyrightedmusic…2.Studentsshouldbeplacedinclassesaccordingtotheiracademicability,nottheirage…3.Whymyfather/motherismyhero…4.Howtosolveaquadraticequation…Interesting,2sides(pro&against),sufficientinformationUnusual,enoughinformation,fresh,narrow&broadenoughInteresting,narrow,easyresearch,sufficientdetailsClear-cut,narrow&broadenough,informationavailableTrytodotheexercisesinP3Trytonarrowdownthescopeandmakethemspecifictopicsonwhichyoucanwriteapaper.1.Generaltopic:20thCenturyAmericanNovelistsRestricted:Morerestricted:Topicchosen:2.Generaltopic:TheLostGenerationWritersRestricted:Morerestricted:Topicchosen:HemingwayandHisWorksHemingwayandHisShortStoriesOldPeopleinHemingway’sShortStoriesF.ScottFitzgerald’sNovelsFitzgeraldandHisTheGreatGatsbyGatsby'sDeathandtheDisillusionmentoftheAmericanDreamCriteriaforyourfinaltopic1.meaningfulandserious2.withintherangeofyourabilities3.sufficientmaterialsareavailable4.canbetreatedobjectively5.nottootopicalTherearesomerealexamplesofyourformerstudents.Onefinalsuggestion:donotbetooeagertosettleonanysingletopicimmediately.You’dbetterhave2-3possibilitiesinmind.CriteriaforyourT.S1.Itisacompletesentence.2.Itcontainsbothatopicandacontrollingidea.3.Itisneithertoogeneralnortoospecific.4.Ittellsthereaderwhattoexpectintheparagraph.Sample1FindtheT.S.Oneofthecentralpreoccupationsofartsandhumanitiesistheobservationofhumanbeings.Paintersandsculptorscreateimagesofthehumanform;writerstellstoriesorcomposepoemsabouthumanexperience;musicalartistsgivemelodiccontourstothehumanspirit;historiansandphilosopherspondertheessentialqualitiesofhumancivilizationandnature.Andinourownlives,inourownways,wespendagreatdealofourenergyandattentiononourfellowcreatures,beinginfamiliesandotherkindsofrelationships,observingpeoplewithcuriosityandinterestinthecourseoftheday,thinkingaboutandformingourowncharacter-decidingwhatkindofpersonwewishtobe-aswegrow.----DonKnefelSample2FindtheT.S.Shakespeariancharacterslive.Theyarenostiltedcreationsintendedtorepresentdifferingpointsofview.Theyarepeople,withalltheusualhumanfoiblesandweaknesses.Aswelaughatorsympathizewiththem,wearelearningsomethingaboutourownselves.Shakespeareknewhumannaturesowellandcreatedhischaractersaccordingtothatknowledge.HisunderstandingofhumanpsychologyisamazingandisonereasonforthecontinuedsuccessofShakespeariandrama.ExerciseP4-5ConclusionThepositionofatopicsentencemayvaryaccordingtotheorganizationalstructureused.Forbeginners,thereare3basicpositionstoplacetheT.S.1.beginningofaparagraph2.attheend3.inthemiddleIfthereisnoT.Sattheendofaparagraph,thereshouldbeaconcludingsentencethere,iteitherrestatesthecontrollingideaordrawsaninference.Aparagraphisnotcompleteifitisnotproperlyended.UnitycoherenceTransitionLengthUnityUnityistheessentialqualityofagoodparagraph.Unityofaparagraphisconcernedwithitscontent.Thecentralthemeisusuallysummarize