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主谓一致的讲解一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致1.由and连接主语时And连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数LiMingandZhangHuaaregoodstudents.Likemanyothers,thelittletrampandthenaughtyboyhaverushedthereinsearchofgold.小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子Bothriceandwheataregrowninthisarea.2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。Theprofessorandwriterisspeakingatthemeeting.那位教授兼作家正在会上发言Ajournalistandauthourlivesonthesixthfloor.一位新闻记者兼作家HislawyerandformercollegefriendwaswithhimonhistriptoEurope.他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行ThePremierandForeignMinisterwaspresentatthestatebanquet.总理兼外长比较：thewriterandtheeducatorhavevisitedourschool.thewriterandeducatorhasvisitedourschool.HislawyerandhisformercollegefriendwerewithhimonhistriptoEurope.注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可Aboyandgirlareplayingtennis.3)并列主语前有each,every,manya,no等修饰时谓语动词用单数Eachdoctorand(each)nurseworkinginthehospitalwasaskedtohelppatients.Everyman,womanandchildisentitledtotakepartintheactivity.有权参加Everyboyand(every)girladmireshimforhisfinesenseofhumour.Manyaboyand(manya)girlhasmadethesamemistakeNoboyandnogirlistherenow.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里注意：manya跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多Manyastudentwasdisappointedafterseeingthemovie.4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数Alawandruleaboutprotectingenvironmenthasbeendrawnup.法规制定Theknifeandforkhasbeenwashed刀叉已经被洗好Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory战争与和平是历史永恒的主题注意;常被视为主体的结构Acupandsaucer一副杯碟Ahorseandcart马车Aknifeandfork一副刀叉Alawandrule法规Aneedleandthread一套针线Fishandchips炸鱼加炸薯条Thestarsandstripes星条旗2.由(either)…or或neither…nor等连接的主语时由either…or,neither…nor,or,notonly…but(also)…连接主语时，谓语动词陈述句中就近原则EitheryouorJaneistobesenttoNewYork.要么你要么简被派往纽约Neitheryounorhehasfinishedtheexperiment.Neithertheteachernorthestudentslikethispieceofmusic.都不喜欢这首曲子Notonlytheoldfarmerbutalsohisfamilywerefriendlytome.Notonlyhisfriendsbutalsohehimselfislookingforwardtotakingpartintheparty.3.主语由肯定否定两部分构成谓语跟肯定部分走NotyoubutIamtoanswerthequestionI,notyou,amtoanswerthequestion.二、单一主语的主谓一致1.名词本身自带s作主语时1）学科名词:physics物理mathematics/maths数学economics经济学politics政治学新闻;news体操：GymnasticsAsweknow,Physicsisafundamentalsubjectinscience.物理是自然科学中的一门基础学科Mathematicsisarequiredcourseformiddleschoolstudents.数学是中学生的一门必修课Einsteinoncesaid,“Politicsismuchmoredifficultthanphysics.”注意：当mathematics表示运算时谓语动词用单数复数都可Ifmymathematicsis/areright,theansweris56.如果我的运算正确，答案就是56Thetelevisionnewsisat7o’clockintheeveningeverydayGymnasticsismysister’sfavouritesport2)有些名词单复数同行根据是单数概念还是复数概念判断谓语means方式方法aircraft飞机works工厂crossroads十字路口deer鹿sheep羊fish鱼Thisworkswasbuildin1982这座工厂是Byfar,threesteelworkshavebeencloseddowninthiscityThismeansoftransporthasbeentriedAllpossiblemeanshavebeentried3）由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数chopsticks筷子compasses圆规glasses眼镜gloves手套Jeans牛仔裤pants裤子scissors剪子shoes鞋子shorts短裤socks短袜trousers裤子Mytrousersarewhiteandhisclothesareblack.我的裤子是白色的他的衣服是黑色的Whyareyourshoessodirty?注意;如果这些词由单位词（apairof,asuitof,apieceof,akindof等）修饰时，单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数Apairofscissorsislyinginthatdrawer.Thesekindsofglassesarepopularthissummer.4)表示国家、人名、书名、组织机构等的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数TheunitedStatesisadevelopedcountryTheNewYorkTimesiswidelyreadintheworld.5)以-s结尾的群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等专有名词谓语动词用复数TheHimalayashaveamagnificentvarietyofplants.植物种类繁多TheNiagaraFallsaresplendidwaterfalls.6)以-S结尾的名词作主语时谓语动词用复数belongings财产clothes衣服plasticsearnings收入goods货物leavings剩余savings储存Allthegoodsareveryexpensive.2.集体名词作主语时1）mankind,humanity,man作主语时，谓语一般用单数Onlymanknowshowtocook.只有人懂得烹饪【注】mankind表示“人(类)”有时表示复数意义,尤其是其表语是复数时：Mankindareintelligentanimals.人是理智的动物.2）people,police,cattle,youth等作主语时，只有单数形式,但却表示复数意义谓语动词用复数Thepoliceareinvestigatingtheriot.正在调查暴乱事件Thecattlearegrazingthethefield正在牧场吃草Manycattlewerekilledforthis.就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜【注】people作民族讲时有复数形式.如：Thereare56peoplesinChina3）family,crowd等作主语时，根据概念确定谓语动词这类集体名词有：Army，assembly议会集会audiencebandclassclubcommitteecompanycongress议会youthcrew全体工作人员crowdenemyfamilygang团伙governmentgroupherd牧群jurypopulationpublicteam强调整体用单数谓语强调个体用复数谓语ThefamilyisgoingtomovetoNewYorkThefamilyhavedifferentopinionsabouttheirgoingabroadThefootballclubcommitteearrangesallthematchesThefootballclubcommitteehavedecidedtodismisshim.比较：Afamily,agroup,aclass做主语时用单数谓语Families,groups,classes作主语时用复数谓语Agroupiscomingtothezoo.一队人正朝着动物园走来4）baggage/luggage(行李),clothing(衣服),furniture(家具),machinery(机器),poetry(诗),scenery(风景),jewelry(珠宝),equipment(设备)等,是不可数名词,只用单数形式,不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词)Ourclothingprotectsusfrom[against]thecold.我们的衣服可以御寒.Haveyoucheckedallyourbaggage?你所有行李都托运了吗?【注】machinery,poetry,jewelry,scenery等相应的个体可数名词是machine,poem,jewel,scene等.如：apoem/apieceofpoetry(一首诗),manymachines/muchmachinery/manypiecesofmachinery(许多机器).5）hair的用法hair(头发,毛发)指全部头发或毛发时,为集合名词(不可数)；指几根头发或毛发时,为个体名词(可数)：Myhairhasgrownverylong.我的头发已长得很长了.Thepolicefoundtwohairsthere.警察在那儿找到了两根头发.6）fruit的用法fruit(水果)作为集合名词,它通常是不可数的：Hedoesn’teatmuchfruit.他不大吃水果.Heisgrowingfruitinthecountry.他在乡下种水果.但是,当要表示种类时,它可视为可数名词,即afruit指一种水果,fruits指多种水果.比较：Somefruitshavethickskins.有些水果皮很厚.3.非谓语动词或从句作主语时1）非谓语动词或从句作主语时谓语动词用单数Toimproveagriculturallandneedsalotofmoney.改善耕地质量需要投入大量的资金ToseeistobelieveSwimmingisagoodwaytokeephealthHowtheywillsolvetheproblemremainstobeseenWhet