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小学英语语法汇总一、时态1．一般现在时（1）表示经常发生的动作或事情，通常用“usually通常,often常常,every⋯每⋯,sometimes有时，always总是,”等词。（2）基本结构：I/You/We/TheyHe/She/It肯定句动词原形动词第三人称单数形式否定句don’t+动原doesn’t+动原一般疑问句(Yes/No)Do⋯?Yes,Ido.Does⋯(动词原形)⋯?No,shedoesn’t.特殊疑问句Whatdo⋯?Howdoesshe⋯(动词原形)⋯?(3)动词第三人称单数形式（同名词单数变成复数方法相同）1一般情况+s如：walk-walks2.辅音字母+y结尾去y+iesfly-flies3.结尾是s,x，sh,ch+eswatch-watches4.特殊的do-does,have-has,go-goes2．现在进行时,（1）表示正在发生的动作，通常用“now现在,look看，linsen听”.（2）基本形式：be+动词ingeg:Iam(not)doingmyhomework.You/We/Theyare(not)reading.He/She/Itis(not)eating.Whatareyoudoing?Ishereading?（3）动词的现在分词形式（动词一般情况结尾是不发音的e重读闭音节+ing）+ing-e+ing双写最后一个字母+ingwalk—walkingcome—comingrun-runningswim-swimming3.一般过去时（1）表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用“last⋯上一个⋯,justnow刚才,amoment等词。ago刚才，yesterday昨天”（2）be动词的过去式:am/is—wasare—were（3）过去式基本结构肯定句（Positive）动词过去式Iwentshoppinglastnight.否定句(Negative)Didn’t+动词原形Ididn’tgoshoppinglastnight.一般疑问句(Yes/No)Did⋯+动词原形⋯?Didyougoshoppinglastnight?特殊疑问句(wh-)Whatdid⋯+动词原形⋯?Whatdidyoudolastnight?（4）词过去式的变化：规则动词的变化：一般动词+edplanted,watered,climbed以不发音的e结尾+dliked辅音字母加y结尾-y+iedstudy—studied,cry-cried重读闭音节单词，末尾只有一个辅音字双写最后一个stop–stopped母字母+edplan-planned不规则动词的变化：原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式sweepsweptteachtaughthavehadgowentkeepkeptthinkthoughtdodidfindfoundsleepsleptbuyboughteatatesaysaidfeelfeltdrinkdrankis/amwastaketookreadreadgivegaveareweremeanmeantputputsingsangdrivedrovemeetmetcutcutbeginbeganspeakspokemakemadeletletringrangwritewroteseesawflyflewrunranriderodecomecamedrawdrewsitsathearheardtelltoldgrowgrewlearnlearned/learntgetgotknowknew4．一般将来时一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与tomorrow,nextSunday等时间状语连用。结构：begoingto+动词原形或will+动词原形例如：I’mgoingtovisitmygrandpanextweek.二、人称代词主格Iweyouhesheitthey宾格meusyouhimheritthem形容词性物主代词myouryourhisheritstheir名词性物主代词mineoursyourshishersitstheris（注：介词，动词后面跟宾格。后面没有名词时用名词性物主代词。）三、可数名词的复数形式1.一般名词：+sabook–books2.辅音字母加y结尾：-y+iesastory—stories3.以s,x，sh,ch，结尾：+esaglass—glasses；awatch-watches4.以f或fe结尾：-f或fe变为vesaknife–knivesashelf-shelves5.特殊的名词复数man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese四、不可数名词(没有复数形式)bread,rice,water,juice，milk，tea，coffee五、缩略形式I’m=Iamyou’re=youareshe’s=sheishe’s=heis/hehas(got)it’s=itiswho’s=whoiscan’t=cannotisn’t=isnotdidn’t=didnotweren’t=werenotwasn’t=wasnotlet’s=letusI’ll=Iwill六、a.an.the的用法1.单词的第一读音是辅音读音：abook,apeach，a“U”单词的第一个读音是元音读音：anegg，anhour，an“F”2.the要注意的：球类前面不加the，乐器前面要加the，序数词前面要加the。七、介词1．表示方位：on,in,infrontof,between,nextto,near,beside,at,behind.，under2．表示时间：（1）at:几点前面用at如：atsixo’clock,没有day的节日前用at如：atChristmas,固定词组attheweekends，atnight（2）on:星期前用on如：onMonday，日期前用on如：onthe15thofJuly带有Day的节日前用on如：onNationalDay（3）in:早晨，中午，晚上前用in：inthemorning，intheafternoon，intheevening，月份前用in，如inDecember，季节前用in，如winter八、基数词变成序数词的方法1.直接在基数词词尾加上th。如：seventh第七，tenth第十，thirteenth第十三，2.以y结尾的基数词，变y为i，再加上eth。如：twentieth第二十。3.不规则的。如：first第一,second第二，third第三，fifth第五，eighth第八，ninth第九，twelfth第十二。4.有两个或以上单词组成的基数词只改最后一个单词如twenty-first第二十一。九、some/any的用法1.肯定句中用some：Ihavesometoysinmybedroom.2.问句和否定句中用ang：Doyouhaveanybrothersorsisters?Hehasn’tgotanypencilsinhispencil-case.3.询问想要什么时用some：Wouldyoulikesomejuice?CanIhavesomestamps?十、therebe结构1.肯定句（有⋯）：Thereis+单数或不可数名词Thereare+复数注：遵循就近原则，看靠therebe最近的2.一般疑问句（有⋯吗？）:Isthere⋯?Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.Arethere⋯?Yes,thereare./No,therearen’t.3.否定句（没有）：Thereisn’t⋯.Therearen’t⋯.4.therebe句型与have(has)的区别：therebe表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has)表示某人拥有某物。十一、祈使句SitdownpleaseDon’tsitdown,please.Let’sgotothepark.（注：祈使句中动词用原形）十二、(情态)动词can,may,must,should,will后面直接用动词原形。1.I/He/She/Theycansing.MayIcomein?Imustgonow.2.Youshouldbequietinthelibrary.3.You’llbegoodfriends.十三、形容词和副词的比较级一、形容词的比较级1、两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more,alittle来修饰表示程度。。2．形容词加er的规则：⑴一般在词尾加er；⑵以字母e结尾，加r；⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加；⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er。3．不规则形容词比较级：good-better,beautiful-morebeautiful二、副词的比较级1．形容词与副词的区别(有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动)⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2．副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化：well-better,far-farther)十四、特殊疑问句What(问什么事,什么物或什么工作)Whatcolour(问颜色)Whattime（时间）when(什么时候)Which（哪一个）Who（谁）Whose（谁的）Where（哪里）Why（为什么）Howmany（多少）Howold（几岁）Howmuch（多少钱）How（怎么样）Whatareyoudoing？I’mreading.Whatisthat?It’sabook.Ｗhatisshe?(What’sherjob?)She’sanurse.Whatcolourisyourcoat?It’sred.Whattimeisit?It’sseven.What’sthetime?Whendoyougetup?Igetupatsixthirty.Whenisyourbirthday?It’sonthe21stofDecember.Whichisyourwatch,theyellowoneTheyellowismine.orthewhiteone?Whoisthemanwithabignose?He’smyuncle.Whosebagisit?It’shisbag.Whoseisthisbag?Whereismyballpen?It’sunderthebook.Whydoyoulikesummer?Ilikesummerbecause⋯HowmanybooksarethereintheTherearefourbooksintheschoolbag?schoolbag.Howoldistheyoungman?He’snineteen.Howmuchisthetoybear?It’selevenyuan.Howdoyougotoschooleveryday?Igotoschoolbycar.一、名词复数的规则变化名词复数的规则变化构成法例词A.在一般情况下，词尾加-sbook–booksbed--bedsB.以s，x，ch，sh结尾的词，词尾加bus–busesbox--boxes-eswatch--watchesdish–dishesC.以f或fe结尾的词，先将f或fe改knife--knives成v，再加-eswife--wivesD.以o结尾的单词，有生命的物质加-es，tomato--tomatoes无生命的物质加-sphoto--photosE.以辅音字母加y结尾，先y将改i，再加family–famili