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CharlieChaplinCharlieChaplinBirthnameCharlesSpencerChaplinBorn16April1889(1889-04-16)Walworth,London,England,UnitedKingdomDied25December1977(1977-12-25)(aged88)Vevey,SwitzerlandSpouseMildredHarris1childLitaGrey2childrenPauletteGoddardOonaO'Neill8childrenSirCharlesSpencerChaplin,usuallycalledas”CharlieChaplin,KBEwasanEnglishcomicactor,filmdirectorandcomposerbestknownforhisworkduringthesilentfilmera.[2]HebecamethemostfamousfilmstarintheworldbeforetheendofWorldWarI.Chaplinusedmime,slapstickandothervisualcomedyroutines,andcontinuedwellintotheeraofthetalkies,thoughhisfilmsdecreasedinfrequencyfromtheendofthe1920s.HismostfamousrolewasthatofTheTramp,whichhefirstplayedintheKeystonecomedyKidAutoRacesatVenicein1914.[3]FromtheApril1914one-reelerTwentyMinutesofLoveonwardshewaswritinganddirectingmostofhisfilms,by1916hewasalsoproducingthem,andfrom1918hewasevencomposingthemusicforthem.WithMaryPickford,DouglasFairbanksandD.W.Griffith,heco-foundedUnitedArtistsin1919.[4]Chaplinwasoneofthemostcreativeandinfluentialpersonalitiesofthesilent-filmera.Hewasinfluencedbyhispredecessor(可以当做向他人学习的例子),theFrenchsilentfilmcomedianMaxLinder,towhomhededicatedoneofhisfilms.[5]Hisworkinglifeinentertainmentspannedover75years,fromtheVictorianstageandthemusichallintheUnitedKingdomasachildperformer,untilclosetohisdeathattheageof88.Hishigh-profilepublicandprivatelifeencompassedbothadulationandcontroversy.ChaplinwasidentifiedwithLeft-wingpoliticsduringtheMcCarthyeraandhewasultimatelyforcedtoresettleinEuropefrom1952.In1999,theAmericanFilmInstituterankedChaplinthe10thgreatestmalescreenlegendofalltime.[6]In2008,MartinSieff,inareviewofthebookChaplin:ALife,wrote:Chaplinwasnotjust'big',hewasgigantic.In1915,heburstontoawar-tornworldbringingitthegiftofcomedy,laughterandreliefwhileitwastearingitselfapartthroughWorldWarI.Overthenext25years,throughtheGreatDepressionandtheriseofAdolfHitler,hestayedonthejob....Itisdoubtfulanyindividualhasevergivenmoreentertainment,pleasureandrelieftosomanyhumanbeingswhentheyneededitthemost.[7]GeorgeBernardShawcalledChaplintheonlygeniustocomeoutofthemovieindustry.[8]BiographyEarlylifeinLondon(1889–1909)AphotographofChaplintakenintheUnitedStatesduringhisyouth(改变自己的例子？)Hisparentswereentertainersinthemusichalltradition;hisfather,CharlesSpencerChaplin,Sr.,wasavocalistandanactor,whilehismother,HannahChaplin(néeHannahHarrietPedlinghamHill),wasasingerandanactresswhowentbythestagenameLillyHarley.[13]TheyseparatedbeforeChaplinwasthree.（父母，他人对自己的影响）Helearnedsingingfromhisparents.In1903ChaplinsecuredtheroleofBillythepageboyinSherlockHolmes.SaintsburytookChaplinunderhiswingandtaughthimtomarshalhistalents.In1905GillettecametoEnglandwithMarieDorotodebuthisnewplay,Clarice,buttheplaydidnotgowell.WhenGillettestagedhisone-actcurtain-raiser,ThePainfulPredicamentofSherlockHolmesasajokeontheBritishpress,ChaplinwasbroughtinfromtheprovincestoplayBilly.WhenSherlockHolmeswassubstitutedforClarice,ChaplinremainedasBillyuntiltheproductionendedon2December.Duringtherun,GillettecoachedChaplininhisrestrainedactingstyle.ActinginSherlockHolmesentitledChaplintoaWestEndactor'spassforthefuneralofBritain'smostrespectedShakespeareanactor,SirHenryIrving,whichheattended,sittingnexttotheactorLewisWaller.[23]ItwasduringthisengagementthattheteenageChaplinfellhopelesslyinlovewithDoro,buthislovewentunrequitedandDororeturnedtoAmericawithGillettewhentheproductionclosed.[24]TheymetagaininHollywoodelevenyearslater.Shehadforgottenhisnamebut,whenintroducedtoher,Chaplintoldherofbeingsilentlyinlovewithherandhowshehadbrokenhisyoungheart.Overdinner,helaiditonthickabouthisunrequitedlove.Nothingcameofituntiltwoyearslater,whentheywerebothinNewYorkandsheinvitedhimtodinnerandadrive.Instead,Chaplinnoted,theysimply“dinedquietlyinMarie’sapartmentalone.”However,asKennethLynnpointedout,“ChaplinwouldnothavebeenChaplinifhehadsimplydinedquietlywithMarie.”[25]TheTramp(1914–1915)TheTrampdebutedduringthesilentfilmeraintheKeystonecomedyKidAutoRacesatVenice(releasedon7February1914).However,Chaplinhaddevisedthetrampcostumeforafilmproducedafewdaysearlierbutreleasedlater(9February1914),Mabel'sStrangePredicament.MackSennetthadrequestedthatChaplingetintoacomedymake-up.[31]AsChaplinrecalledinhisautobiography:Ihadnoideawhatmakeuptoputon.Ididnotlikemyget-upasthepressreporter[inMakingaLiving].HoweveronthewaytothewardrobeIthoughtIwoulddressinbaggypants,bigshoes,acaneandaderbyhat.Iwantedeverythingtobeacontradiction:thepantsbaggy,thecoattight,thehatsmallandtheshoeslarge.Iwasundecidedwhethertolookoldoryoung,butrememberingSennetthadexpectedmetobeamucholderman,Iaddedasmallmoustache,whichIreasoned,wouldaddagewithouthidingmyexpression.Ihadnoideaofthecharacter.ButthemomentIwasdressed,theclothesandthemakeupmademefeelthepersonhewas.Ibegantoknowhim,andbythetimeIwalkedonstagehewasfullyborn.[32]TheTrampisavagrantwiththerefinedmanners,clothes,anddignityofagentleman.Arbucklecontributedhisfather-in-law'sbowlerhat('derby')andhisownpants(ofgenerousproportions).ChesterConklinprovidedthelittlecutawaytailcoat,andFordSterlingthesize